平台经济发展的创业效应

——来自县域层面的经验证据

戴魁早　龙欣宇　王思曼

（湖南科技大学）

摘要：本文结合当前平台经济不断发展以及县域亟须提升创业活跃度的现实背景，研究平台经济发展如何影响县域创业活跃度，并探讨营商环境在这一过程中的作用。研究结果显示：平台经济发展提高了县域创业活跃度，这一结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。从创业成本和创业机会视角来看，平台经济发展的促进作用主要是通过交易成本降低、物流成本降低、市场需求扩大和服务业态多样化等机制实现的。营商环境的改善强化了平台经济发展对县域创业活跃度的作用效果。异质性分析结果表明，对于高铁开通县域、流动人口较高县域以及位于商帮文化发源地县域的提高作用更为明显。本文的研究结论为认识和理解平台经济发展在提高县域创业活跃度中的作用提供了参考依据，在一定程度上拓宽了县域创新创业的政策思路。

关键词：平台经济；县域创业活跃度；创业成本；创业机会；营商环境

作者简介：戴魁早，湖南科技大学商学院/区域经济高质量发展研究中心教授、博士生导师，湘潭，411201；龙欣宇，湖南科技大学商学院硕士研究生；王思曼，湖南科技大学商学院讲师，通信作者。

基金项目：研究阐释党的二十届三中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大专项“培育全国一体化技术和数据市场的理论框架与实践路径研究”（24ZDA016）；国家自然科学基金面上项目“技术要素市场发展对中国制造业生产率增长的影响机制及调控政策研究”（72173042）；湖南省社会科学基金项目“数据要素市场发展对数实融合的影响机理与政策协同研究”（24JD012）

引用格式：戴魁早,龙欣宇,王思曼.平台经济发展的创业效应——来自县域层面的经验证据[J].经济与管理研究,2026,47(2):155-168.

Entrepreneurial Effect of Platform Economy Development

—County-Level Empirical Analysis

DAI Kuizao, LONG Xinyu, WANG Siman

(Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201)

Abstract: Currently, county-level entrepreneurship in China still confronts practical challenges, including insufficient supply of entrepreneurial resources, constrained market scope, and scarce entrepreneurial opportunities. Enhancing county-level entrepreneurial vitality has therefore emerged as a pivotal task for advancing the high-quality development of county economies. Endowed with the characteristics of network externality and economies of scale, the platform economy can not only mitigate information asymmetry but also optimize the allocation of factor resources, thereby offering a viable pathway to address the practical predicaments of county-level entrepreneurship. Drawing on county-level panel data from 2014 to 2022, this paper investigates the entrepreneurial effects of platform economy development and examines the role of the business environment in this process.

The empirical results demonstrate that platform economy development can elevate county-level entrepreneurial vitality. This conclusion remains robust after addressing endogeneity concerns and conducting a series of robustness tests. From the dual perspectives of entrepreneurial costs and opportunities, the entrepreneurial effects of platform economy development are primarily realized through mechanisms such as expanded market demand, diversified service business formats, reduced transaction costs, and lowered logistics costs. Furthermore, the optimization of the business environment can amplify the entrepreneurial effects of platform economy development in counties. In addition, heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive impacts of platform economy development on entrepreneurship are more salient in counties with high-speed railway connectivity, those with a relatively large floating population, and those situated in the cradles of merchant guild culture. Therefore, efforts should concentrate on the following three areas. Governments should prioritize the role of platform economies in stimulating county-level entrepreneurial activities, fully leverage the driving force of platform enterprises on county economies, invigorate local markets and demand, and encourage diverse entrepreneurial initiatives. Continuous optimization of the digital business environment in counties is essential to further unleash the enabling power of digital technologies across sectors. Targeted use of regional materials and cultural resources should be encouraged, with large platform enterprises supported in expanding their operational footprint and in deeply engaging in county-level industrial system development.

This paper focuses on the impacts of the platform economy on county-level entrepreneurial vitality, exploring the internal mechanisms and practical pathways. On the one hand, it extends the research frontier regarding how the platform economy empowers county economic development, enriching the theoretical framework related to the determinants of entrepreneurship. On the other hand, it provides empirical insights into how the government can leverage the platform economy to address entrepreneurial dilemmas and invigorate the vitality of county economies.

Keywords: platform economy; county-level entrepreneurial vitality; entrepreneurial cost; entrepreneurial opportunity; business environment

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