“桥梁”还是“鸿沟”？新质生产力对城乡消费差距的影响

胡润哲1　梅慧璇2　魏君英2

（1.中央财经大学；2.长江大学）

内容提要：在推动实现内需拉动经济增长的背景下，如何通过新质生产力的发展来缩小城乡消费差距，已成为当前政府部门与学术界重点关注的问题。本文在理论分析的基础上，利用2011—2022年255个地级及以上城市的面板数据，实证考察新质生产力对城乡消费差距的影响。研究发现，新质生产力的发展缩小了城乡消费差距，这一缩小作用主要体现在新质劳动资料和新质劳动对象两个维度上。机制分析结果表明，新质生产力的发展主要通过促进电子商务发展与服务业就业水平提升，并缩小二者在城乡间的差距，从而实现城乡消费差距的收敛。同时，该收敛效应具有明显异质性，在消费差距较大的地区、东部和中部地区、高人口密度地区明显，而在西部和东北地区、低人口密度地区不明显；相较于数字经济发展水平较高的城市，数字经济发展水平较低的城市的收敛效应更强。本文量化评估了新质生产力的分配效应，揭示了其在缩小城乡消费差距、激发农村消费潜能中的关键作用，为推动新质生产力发展和增强国内大循环内生动力提供了实证支持与政策参考。

关键词：新质生产力；居民消费；消费差距；扩大内需；经济增长

作者简介：胡润哲，中央财经大学经济学院博士研究生，北京，102206；梅慧璇，长江大学经济与管理学院硕士研究生，通信作者，荆州，434023；魏君英，长江大学经济与管理学院教授、博士生导师。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金一般项目“我国新型农业经营主体数字化能力的培训机制与实施路径研究”（23BJY259）

引用格式：胡润哲,梅慧璇,魏君英.“桥梁”还是“鸿沟”?新质生产力对城乡消费差距的影响[J].经济与管理研究,2025,46(12):3-20.

Bridge or Gap? Impact of New Quality Productive Forces on Urban-Rural Consumption Gap

HU Runzhe¹, MEI Huixuan², WEI Junying²

(1. Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 102206;

2. Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023)

Abstract: Against the backdrop of achieving the goals of domestic demand-driven economic growth, narrowing the urban-rural consumption gap through the development of new quality productive forces (NQPF) has become a major focus of governments and academic circles. Based on theoretical analysis, this paper empirically examines the impact of NQPF on the urban-rural consumption gap using panel data of 255 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2011 to 2022.

The findings reveal that the development of NQPF can narrow the urban-rural consumption gap, with the convergence effect primarily driven by two dimensions: new quality means of labor and new quality objects of labor. Mechanism analysis shows that NQPF promotes convergence mainly by fostering e-commerce development and service-sector employment, and by reducing the disparities between urban and rural areas in these two dimensions. Moreover, the convergence effect is heterogeneous: it is more pronounced in regions with larger consumption gaps, in the eastern and central regions, and in densely populated areas, but not significant in the western, northeastern, and low-density populated regions. Compared with cities with higher levels of digital economic development, those with lower digital development levels exhibit stronger convergence effects.

The marginal contributions are threefold. First, by approaching the issue from the perspective of the urban-rural consumption gap,this paper identifies NQPF as a key driver in reshaping the urban-rural consumption structure and regional consumption patterns, broadening the research boundary of NQPF and providing both theoretical and empirical evidence for promoting coordinated urban-rural consumption development under the goal of common prosperity. Second, based on the dual perspectives of the consumption environment and employment structure, it systematically identifies the internal mechanisms through which NQPF narrows the urban-rural consumption gap. This analysis opens the black box of how transformations in productive forces and innovation influence the urban-rural consumption gap. Third, it further addresses the policy-oriented question of how to better develop NQPF and examines whether NQPF serves as a bridge. The findings provide clear policy implications for optimizing digital infrastructure, advancing vocational skills training, strengthening rural market regulation, and improving public service provision. These measures can help ensure that the benefits of developing NQPF are distributed more effectively and equitably across urban and rural populations.

Based on these findings, four policy implications are proposed: (1) strengthening the empowering role of NQPF in e-commerce development to smooth urban-rural consumption channels; (2) expanding service-sector employment through NQPF to enhance rural residents’ consumption capacity; (3) cultivating and incentivizing new quality labor to unlock long-term consumption potential; and (4) formulating region-specific strategies to reinforce the differentiated enabling effects of NQPF.

Keywords: new quality productive forces; residents’ consumption; consumption gap; domestic demand expansion; economic growth

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