政府关键核心技术采购如何促进专精特新企业创新？

——以“小巨人”企业为例

徐妍　张亚雯

（长安大学）

内容提要：充分发挥政府采购作用，提升专精特新“小巨人”企业关键核心技术创新能力，是当前推动中国实现科技自立自强的重要议题。本文从理论与实证两个层面，探讨政府关键核心技术采购对专精特新“小巨人”企业关键核心技术创新的影响。研究结果表明，政府关键核心技术采购能够从创新意愿强化、创新资源约束和创新主体协同三个维度，推动专精特新“小巨人”企业关键核心技术创新。异质性分析结果显示，政府关键核心技术采购对创新能力较强、属地创新目标约束较高以及处于初创期的专精特新“小巨人”企业存在支持效应；不同采购组织形式对这类企业关键核心技术创新的支持效应存在差异。拓展性分析发现，政府采购的连续性、采购信息披露质量、采购考察期时长与采购次数均能促进专精特新“小巨人”企业关键核心技术创新。本文的研究为政府关键核心技术采购政策提供了经验证据，对促进专精特新“小巨人”企业关键核心技术创新具有重要的理论价值与现实意义。

关键词：政府采购；创新意愿强化；创新资源约束；创新主体协同；关键核心技术创新

作者简介：徐妍，长安大学经济与管理学院副教授，通信作者，西安，710064；张亚雯，长安大学经济与管理学院硕士研究生。

基金项目：陕西省软科学一般项目“数字经济空间关联网络提升陕西省关键核心技术领域企业创新能力的路径及对策研究”（2025KG-YBXM-076）；2025年中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金一般项目“市场导向驱动的关键核心技术创新生态系统韧性提升路径及对策研究”（300102235620）

引用格式：徐妍,张亚雯.政府关键核心技术采购如何促进专精特新企业创新?——以“小巨人”企业为例[J].经济与管理研究,2025,46(9):126-144.

How does Government Procurement of Key Core Technologies Promote Innovation in SRDI Enterprises?

—Taking “Little Giant” Enterprises as an Example

XU Yan, ZHANG Yawen

(Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064)

Abstract: Fully leveraging the guiding role of government procurement to effectively enhance the breakthrough capabilities of specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative (SRDI) “little giant” enterprises in key core technology innovation becomes an important strategic measure to promote China’s greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology. This paper examines the impact of government procurement on innovation in “little giant” enterprises from both theoretical and empirical perspectives, using government procurement- “little giant” enterprises panel data from 2015 to 2023.

The findings indicate that government procurement can promote innovation in “little giant” enterprises. This conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests. This mechanism operates mainly by strengthening innovation willingness, constraining innovation resources, and coordinating innovation entities. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effect of government procurement is more pronounced in “little giants” enterprises with strong innovation capabilities, facing high constraints on local innovation goals, and in the start-up stage. Additionally, different procurement organizational forms exhibit varying support effects on the key core technology innovation in “little giants” enterprises. Extended analysis proves that the continuity of government procurement, information disclosure quality, inspection period duration, and procurement frequency can all positively promote key core technology innovation in “little giant” enterprises. These conclusions provide empirical evidence for the effectiveness of government procurement policies of key core technologies, and exhibit crucial theoretical value and practical significance for promoting key core technology innovation in “little giant” enterprises.

The marginal contributions are threefold. First, this paper provides a comprehensive explanation of the mechanism by which government procurement affects innovation in “little giant” enterprises from three dimensions, analyzing variations in policy effects caused by factors such as enterprise innovation capability, local innovation goal constraints, and enterprise development stage characteristics. Second, this paper employs a mixed-method approach for empirical analysis. Specifically, keywords of 1,047 key core technologies are manually extracted from the five basic fields of the 2021 Catalogue of Industrial Basic Innovation and Development. Then, machine learning methods are used in combination with the International Patent Classification (IPC) descriptive information to screen and identify invention patents with key core technology features, providing a new method for accurately identifying patentable key core technology innovation activities. Third, through a detailed analysis of government procurement contracts, this paper reveals the impact mechanism of key characteristics on innovation in “little giant” enterprises.

Keywords: government procurement; innovation willingness enhancement; innovation resource constraint; innovation entity collaboration; key core technology innovation

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