数字普惠金融与农业新质生产力

张林　许湘润　丁晓兰　尹朝静

（西南大学）

摘要：加快发展农业新质生产力应以县域为基本单位和载体，县域数字普惠金融是促进农业新质生产力发展的关键动力。本文选取2014—2021年中国1065个县域的平衡面板数据，使用双向固定效应模型展开实证研究。实证结果显示，县域数字普惠金融能够助力农业新质生产力发展。科技创新和农户创业是县域数字普惠金融促进农业新质生产力发展的重要传导机制，数据要素集聚有助于强化县域数字普惠金融对农业新质生产力的赋能效应。数字普惠金融对农业新质生产力的促进作用在粮食主产区、农业大县和平原丘陵县更大。本文的重要启示在于，要因地制宜加快发展农业新质生产力，各县域地区应加快健全数据要素基础设施、构建县域数字普惠金融赋能农业新质生产力发展的良好数据生态和金融生态，同时注重县域之间的差异化发展，探索个性化的数字普惠金融发展道路。

关键词：数字普惠金融；农业新质生产力；农业全要素生产率；农业强国；科技创新；农户创业

作者简介：张林，西南大学经济管理学院教授，通信作者，重庆，400715；许湘润，西南大学经济管理学院硕士研究生；丁晓兰，西南大学经济管理学院硕士研究生；尹朝静，西南大学经济管理学院副教授。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金一般项目“农业强国目标下健全农村金融服务体系的机制与路径研究”（23BJY149）；重庆市社会科学规划中特理论重点项目“成渝地区县域数字普惠金融赋能农业新质生产力发展研究”（2024ZTZD20）；东北财经大学校级科研项目“相对贫困阶段数字普惠金融的减贫增收效应研究”（DUFE2020Y01）

引用格式：张林,许湘润,丁晓兰,等.数字普惠金融与农业新质生产力[J].经济与管理研究,2026,47(3):115-129.

Digital Inclusive Finance and New Quality Productive Forces in Agriculture

ZHANG Lin, XU Xiangrun, DING Xiaolan, YIN Chaojing

(Southwest University, Chongqing 400715)

Abstract: Building up China's strength in agriculture requires prioritising the accelerated development of new quality productive forces in agriculture. This can be achieved by leveraging science and technology and reform as dual drivers to substantially enhance agricultural total factor productivity. Counties should serve as the basic unit and vehicle for this acceleration, with county-level digital inclusive finance acting as a key driver for promoting the development of new quality productive forces in agriculture. Based on balanced panel data from 1,065 counties in China from 2014 to 2021, this paper conducts an empirical study on the impact of digital inclusive finance on new quality productive forces in agriculture by constructing a two-way fixed effects model.

The main findings are as follows. The development ofcounty-level digital inclusive finance facilitates the development of new quality productive forces in agriculture, and this conclusion remains valid after endogeneity discussion and a series of robustness tests. Scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurial activities among farmers are important transmission mechanisms through which county-level digital inclusive finance promotes the development of new quality productive forces in agriculture. The aggregation of data factors helps strengthen the empowering effect. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that this positive effect is more pronounced in major grain-producing areas, major agricultural counties, and hilly-mountainous counties. These findings provide empirical evidence and policy recommendations for formulating effective measures to advance the empowerment of new quality productive forces in agriculture through digital inclusive finance at the county level.

The key insight of this paper is that accelerating the development of new quality productive forces in agriculture should be tailored to local conditions. To this end, the following measures are essential. First, it is vital to accelerate the construction of digital inclusive finance infrastructure in counties and enhance the digital financial literacy of farmers, so as to lay a solid foundation for empowering the development of new quality productive forces in agriculture through digital inclusive finance. Second, the government should increase policy support for scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurial activities among farmers, and broaden the empowering channels of digital inclusive finance; third, promote the aggregation and sharing of data factors within counties to provide strong data factor support for the empowering effect. Finally, differentiated policies for digital finance and digital agriculture should be collaboratively implemented to promote tiered development of new quality productive forces in county-level agriculture.

Keywords: digital inclusive finance; new quality productive forces in agriculture; agricultural total factor productivity; strong agricultural country; scientific and technological innovation; entrepreneurial activities among farmers

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