市场准入管制对就业的影响

——来自市场准入负面清单制度的经验证据

丁子家¹　宁致远²　吴 非³

（1. 华南师范大学；2. 云南财经大学；3. 广东金融学院）

内容提要：本文基于2007—2022年中国沪深A股上市企业数据，实证检验市场准入负面清单制度对就业的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明，市场准入负面清单制度对就业具有正向影响。机制检验发现，市场准入负面清单制度能够通过改善劳动力市场扭曲、促进行业竞争以及增加就业创造、减少就业破坏来促进企业就业水平的提升。异质性分析发现，市场准入负面清单制度在管制性行业、市场分割程度高以及创业活跃度高、劳动收入份额高的组别中对就业具有驱动作用。进一步地，本文从就业质量提升和就业结构改善两方面考察了高质量充分就业的实现条件。研究结论为推进市场化改革、营造公平良好的竞争环境、促进就业增长和民生改善提供了经验证据和政策启示。

关键词：市场准入负面清单制度；就业规模；就业质量；就业结构；高质量充分就业

作者简介：丁子家，华南师范大学经济与管理学院博士研究生，广州，510006；宁致远，云南财经大学金融学院讲师，通信作者，昆明，650221；吴非，广东金融学院国家金融学学院副教授，广州，510521。

基金项目：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“金融科技对企业数字化转型的效应评估、机制分析与策略优化研究”（72202046）；广东省普通高校特色创新项目“金融改革试验区政策对企业碳排放的治理效应 、机制分析与政策优化研究”（2024WTSCX142）；广东省自然科学基金面上项目“金融科技赋能企业绿色转型的机制路径与政策优化研究”（2024A1515010275）

引用格式：丁子家,宁致远,吴非.市场准入管制对就业的影响——来自市场准入负面清单制度的经验证据[J].经济与管理研究,2025,46(6):82-102.

Impact of Market Access Regulation on Employment

—Evidence from the Negative List System for Market Access

DING Zijia¹, NING Zhiyuan², WU Fei³

(1. South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006;

2.Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650221;

3.Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou 510521)

Abstract: Employment is fundamental to ensuring people’s livelihood, and it is also an important force in maintaining social harmony and stability and ensuring national economic vitality. A fair, unified, and perfect market structure and social institution is the key to promoting the healthy development of all entities and ensuring the sound operation of employment systems. As a liberal market access system, the negative list system for market access gathers all kinds of market subjects, balances market factors, and improves production and operation mechanisms with the concept of a unified national market, which is of great significance in driving employment growth and alleviating structural employment contradictions. Therefore, this paper examines the impact of the negative list system for market access on employment from the perspective of social institution building, especially on the expansion of employment scale.

Based on the data of A-share listed enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2007 to 2022, this paper empirically tests the impact of the negative list system for market access on employment and its mechanism. The empirical results show that the system has a positive impact on employment. The mechanism test reveals that the system can improve the employment level of enterprises by alleviating labor market distortion, intensifying industry competition, increasing job creation, and reducing job destruction. The heterogeneity test finds that the system has a driving effect on employment in regulated industries and groups with a high degree of market segmentation, a high degree of entrepreneurial activity, and a high labor income share. Furthermore, this paper further investigates the conditions for the realization of high-quality and full employment in two parts: improving employment quality and optimizing employment structure. The conclusions provide empirical evidence and policy implications for promoting market-oriented reform, creating a fair and just competitive environment, promoting employment growth, and improving people’s livelihood.

The contributions lie in two aspects. This paper advances research on the quality and structure of employment and enriches the research on the negative list system for market access, exhibiting practical significance. In addition, it incorporates the research on the regional-level employment effect and includes the employment of private enterprises, making the results more convincing. This paper proposes further shortening the negative list, expanding the employment scale, and fostering a favorable employment environment within the framework of constructing a modern socialist market economy, aiming to improve the employment systems and mechanisms, and on the basis of scaling up employment, further enhance employment quality, and optimize the employment structure.

Keywords: negative list system for market access; employment scale; employment quality; employment structure; high-quality and full employment

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