政府数据开放与企业新质生产力发展

董旗　谭伟杰　谢家平　郑颖珊

（上海财经大学）

内容提要：发展企业新质生产力是中国经济高质量发展的重要微观着力点，政府数据开放所激发的数据要素驱动力或能为其提供支撑。本文基于2010—2021年中国上市公司数据，以政府上线公共数据开放平台为准自然实验，利用双重差分模型实证检验政府数据开放对企业新质生产力发展的影响。研究发现，政府数据开放对企业新质生产力发展具有推动作用，并且该效应会随着政府数据开放质量的提升而增强。机制检验结果表明，政府数据开放通过缓解政企间信息不对称和增强企业资源获取能力，促进企业新质生产力发展。进一步分析发现，在民营企业、非衰退期企业、高管团队具有技术背景的企业、高技术企业以及地区新质生产力水平较低的企业中，政府数据开放对企业新质生产力的促进作用更为明显。本文量化评估了政府数据要素开放共享对企业新质生产力的价值创造效应，对于推动数据要素市场化发展、激发企业新质生产力发展的新动能具有政策参考价值。

关键词：企业新质生产力；政府数据开放；信息不对称；资源获取能力；数据要素；赋能理论

作者简介：董旗，上海财经大学商学院博士研究生，上海，200433；谭伟杰，上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院博士研究生，通信作者；谢家平，上海财经大学商学院教授、博士生导师；郑颖珊，上海财经大学商学院博士研究生。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国市场导向的绿色技术创新体系构建研究”（20&ZD060）；上海财经大学研究生创新基金项目“供应链视角下媒体ESG关注的绿色创新效应研究”（CXJJ-2024-413）；上海市软科学重点项目“健全科技创新全链条加速机制的对策研究——科创平台体系化建设的上海样板研究”（24692101000）

引用格式：董旗,谭伟杰,谢家平,等.政府数据开放与企业新质生产力发展[J].经济与管理研究,2025,46(3):3-23.

Government Data Opening and Development of Enterprise New Quality Productive Forces

DONG Qi, TAN Weijie, XIE Jiaping, ZHENG Yingshan

(Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433)

Abstract: With the rapid development of the digital economy, data elements have emerged as a new production factor that enables enterprises to transit from old to new drivers of growth and foster new quality productive forces (NQPF). The government’s policy practice of opening public data may provide a data-driven impetus to promote the development of enterprise NQPF. Based on data from A-share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2010 to 2021, this paper treats local governments’ opening of public data as a quasi-natural experiment and employs a multi-period difference-in-differences model to assess the impact of government data opening on enterprise NQPF and its underlying mechanisms.

The results indicate that government data opening can promote the development of enterprise NQPF, and this effect is amplified as the quality of open government data improves. Mechanism tests show that government data opening facilitates the development of enterprise NQPF by alleviating information asymmetry between the government and enterprises and enhancing enterprises’ resource acquisition capabilities. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that this facilitating effect is more pronounced in private enterprises, enterprises at non-decline stages, enterprises with technically proficient executive teams, high-tech enterprises, and regions with relatively low levels of NQPF.

The research contributions are threefold. First, this paper employs the theory of data empowerment to analyze the effect of government data opening on enterprise NQPF, thereby extending this theory to the dimension of public attributes. Second, this paper discusses and empirically tests the pathways through which government data opening promotes the development of enterprise NQPF, enriching the research on factors driving the development of enterprise NQPF. Third, this paper reveals the heterogeneity in the impact of government data opening on the development of enterprise NQPF across varying levels of data quality, different enterprise characteristics, and diverse regional contexts.

Based on the above findings, this paper proposes the following implications. Enterprises should effectively integrate the public data opened by the government into their R&D, production, market analysis, and other processes; build and improve their capabilities in data collection, analysis, and application; and proactively establish effective communication channels with the government to promptly provide feedback on issues and needs encountered when utilizing open government data. The government should continue to expand the breadth and depth of data opening and improve the quality of open data; optimize the environment for public data opening to ensure that all enterprises can equally access and utilize these data; establish specialized data application guidance agencies or provide consultancy services to help enterprises better understand and utilize open data; and encourage and support enterprise innovation using public data through the formulation of relevant policies.

Keywords: enterprise new quality productive forces; government data opening; information asymmetry；resource acquisition capability; data element; empowerment theory

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