数字素养何以影响居民家庭收入流动性？

孙伯驰

（天津师范大学）

内容提要：提升居民数字素养既是顺应数字时代的必然要求，亦是提高居民家庭收入流动性、优化收入分配格局的重要举措。本文基于2014—2022年中国家庭追踪调查数据，使用有序概率单位（Probit）模型考察数字素养对居民家庭收入流动性的影响效应及其作用机制。研究结果显示，数字素养提高了居民家庭收入流动性，经过内生性分析和稳健性检验后结论仍然成立；其中，不同维度的数字素养均能提高居民家庭收入流动性，且数字应用场景的积极效应更为明显；特别地，数字素养更能够有效促进低收入家庭收入向上流动。机制分析结果表明，数字素养通过促进家庭人力资本和社会资本积累的赋能效应以及助推家庭参与非农就业和金融市场投资的配置效应两条路径提高居民家庭收入流动性。异质性分析结果表明，数字素养对居民家庭收入流动性的正向影响在农村地区、经济欠发达地区、数字经济潜力区、中老年和低学历家庭更强。本文的研究结论为提高全民数字素养，推动低收入家庭获得更多发展机会，以及扎实推进共同富裕提供了经验证据。

关键词：数字素养；收入流动性；收入分配；共同富裕；赋能效应；配置效应

作者简介：孙伯驰，天津师范大学经济学院讲师，天津，300387。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金青年项目“新发展阶段中等收入群体规模的统计测度与扩大策略研究”（21CTJ025）

引用格式：孙伯驰.数字素养何以影响居民家庭收入流动性?[J].经济与管理研究,2025,46(6):3-23.

How does Digital Literacy Affect Household Income Mobility?

SUN Bochi

(Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387)

Abstract: In the digital economy era, digital literacy has gradually become a new driving force for household income growth. Enhancing digital literacy is an essential requirement for adapting to the digital era and a major move to boost household income mobility and optimize income distribution. Hence, it is necessary to explore the impact of digital literacy on household income mobility, which will provide theoretical guidance and empirical evidence for alleviating income inequality, creating more development opportunities for low-income households, and achieving common prosperity.

This paper conducts a theoretical analysis of the relationship between digital literacy and household income mobility. By constructing the indicator of income mobility through the income transition matrix based on data of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2014 to 2022, it systematically analyzes the impact of digital literacy on household income mobility using the ordered Probit model with a longitudinally tracked household sample, and investigates the mechanisms and heterogeneity. The findings are as follows. First, digital literacy facilitates the upward household income mobility. After a series of robustness tests, the conclusion is still valid. In addition, different dimensions of digital literacy can improve household income mobility, with digital application scenarios exhibiting a more positive effect. In particular, digital literacy can effectively promote the upward mobility of low-income households. Second, digital literacy drives household upward mobility through two paths: the empowerment effect, which fosters the accumulation of human capital and social capital, and the allocation effect, which facilitates non-farm employment and financial market investment. Third, the positive impact of digital literacy on household income mobility is prominent in rural areas, economically underdeveloped areas, and areas with digital economic potential, as well as among middle-aged, elderly, and less-educated households.

The marginal contributions are threefold. First, this paper expands the scope of human capital to encompass digital literacy within the context of the digital economy, thereby enriching theoretical research on human capital. Second, returning to the intrinsic definition of income mobility, this paper focuses on the intertemporal changes in household income brackets and systematically elucidates the theoretical linkage between digital literacy and household income mobility. Third, the diversified empirical tests further strengthen the logical coherence of the core findings and provide policy insights for enhancing upward mobility channels and advancing common prosperity in the digital economy era.

Based on empirical research, this paper proposes policy suggestions, including improving households’ digital literacy, strengthening the capital-accumulation and resource-allocation functions, and designing region- and group-specific strategies, to promote coordinated development of regions and common prosperity.

Keywords: digital literacy; income mobility; income distribution; common prosperity; empowerment effect; allocation effect

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