制造业企业服务化何以影响企业竞争力？

李兰冰　薛泽帅　赵家未

（南开大学）

内容提要：加快推进现代服务业同先进制造业深度融合是重塑产业链竞争优势以及建设现代化产业体系的有效路径。本文通过2014—2023年上市公司年报文本数据识别对制造业企业服务化予以表征，在此基础上系统性量化评估服务化对企业市场竞争力的影响效应与作用机制。研究结果表明：以服务业务收入和以服务业务词频表征的制造业企业服务化发展均对企业竞争力存在促进效应；成本收益机制、资源配置机制和创新产出机制是服务化影响企业竞争力的主要路径。服务化对制造业企业竞争力影响呈现明显异质性，对传统制造业、低竞争度行业以及高数字化程度行业的影响效应更加突出，对开展信息服务类业务的企业影响效应更加明显。拓展性分析表明：先进制造业企业开展现代服务业务有利于推动制造业智能化以及全要素生产率提升，同时也深刻影响着劳动力的就业结构。本文的研究结论为推进两业融合、建设制造强国提供了有益的政策启示。

关键词：先进制造业；产出服务化；企业竞争力；两业融合；成本收益；资源配置；创新产出

作者简介：李兰冰，南开大学经济与社会发展研究院经济行为与政策模拟实验室教授，天津，300071；薛泽帅，南开大学经济与社会发展研究院博士研究生；赵家未，南开大学经济与社会发展研究院博士研究生。

基金项目：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“新时代区域协调发展战略研究”（20JZD028）；教育部哲学社会科学实验室专项基金项目“间接-区域重大战略实施对中国经济高质量发展的影响机制与提升路径研究”（ZXCZH0122711）

引用格式：李兰冰,薛泽帅,赵家未.制造业企业服务化何以影响企业竞争力?[J].经济与管理研究,2025,46(5):70-88.

How does Servitization of Manufacturing Enterprises Affect Their Competitiveness?

LI Lanbing, XUE Zeshuai, ZHAO Jiawei

(Nankai University, Tianjin 300071)

Abstract: Accelerating the deep integration of the modern service industry and advanced manufacturing industry is an effective way to reshape the competitive advantages of the industrial chain and build a modern industrial system. From the perspective of the output servitization of manufacturing enterprises, this paper systematically examines how servitization affects their competitiveness, aiming to provide valuable policy insights for promoting the deep integration of manufacturing and service industries and building a strong manufacturing country.

By analyzing the text data of annual reports of listed companies from 2014 to 2023, this paper quantitatively identifies the mechanism of the impact of output servitization on the competitiveness of enterprises. Then, it makes an expanded analysis of modern service business, with a focus on the economic effect of modern service business in advanced manufacturing enterprises. It is found that the development of servitization of manufacturing enterprises, characterized by the revenue from and the word frequency of service business, has a positive promoting effect on the competitiveness of enterprises. The main conclusions remain valid under the robustness test and the endogenous test. Furthermore, servitization affects the competitiveness of enterprises through cost-benefit mechanisms, resource allocation mechanisms, and innovation output mechanisms, respectively. Under different mechanism paths, customized, high-end, and intelligent service businesses form the core content of enterprise servitization. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the influence of servitization on the group of traditional manufacturing enterprises and the group of industries with low competition intensity is more prominent than that on the group of advanced manufacturing enterprises and the group of industries with high competition intensity. Meanwhile, the influence of servitization on industries with a high degree of digitalization and information service business carried out by enterprises is more significant. To some extent, it shows that servitization can be effectively combined with digitalization, thereby fostering a mutually reinforcing relationship between the two. Expansion analysis indicates that the development of modern service business by advanced manufacturing enterprises is conducive to promoting the intelligence of the manufacturing industry, improving total factor productivity, and promoting the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry from multiple dimensions.

The main policy implications of this paper are as follows: first, actively promote the development of the modern service industry and advance the deep integration of manufacturing and service industries; second, give play to the enabling role of servitization in the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry from both the quantity and quality perspectives; third, give full play to the supporting role of modern information technology in providing more diversified and efficient solutions and enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises.

Keywords: advanced manufacturing industry; output servitization; enterprise competitiveness; integration of manufacturing and service industries; cost-benefit; resource allocation; innovation output

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