增量提质：营商环境生态与专精特新企业——基于模糊集定性比较分析

夏清华　朱清

（武汉大学经济与管理学院）

　　内容提要：专精特新企业创新能力强，处于产业链核心位置，是新发展格局构建与高质量发展的重要动力源。本文以省级数据为样本，采用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法对营商环境的组态效应进行分析，揭示影响区域层面专精特新企业数量与质量的复杂作用机制。研究结果显示：（1）单一的营商环境要素并非区域高专精特新企业数量或质量的必要条件，但政务环境作为核心条件发挥较为普适的作用。（2）产生高专精特新企业数量的路径有2条，即“法律政策支持下市场-政务驱动型”与“人文支持下市场-政务驱动型”，且法律政策环境与人文环境之间存在替代关系；产生高专精特新企业质量的路径同样存在2条，即“政务引领型”和“优势均衡型”。（3）不存在同时可以产生高专精特新企业数量及质量的营商环境组态，但存在1种营商环境组态可以同时产生非高专精特新企业数量及质量。研究结果有助于揭示促进区域专精特新企业增量提质的营商环境组态，并为不同区域加快实现中小企业高质量发展提供理论指导。

　　

　　关键词：高质量发展；营商环境；专精特新；创新能力；制度逻辑

　　

　　作者简介：夏清华，武汉大学经济与管理学院教授，武汉，430061；朱清，武汉大学经济与管理学院硕士研究生，通信作者。

　　基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新形势下全球创新网络演化及风险治理研究”（20&ZD072）

　　引用格式：夏清华,朱清.增量提质:营商环境生态与专精特新企业——基于模糊集定性比较分析[J].经济与管理研究,2023,44(8):126-144.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2023.08.008.

　　

　　

Growth of Quantity and Improvement of Quality: Business Environment and Specialized, Refined, Unique and Innovative Firms—Based on the fsQCA Method

XIA Qinghua, ZHU Qing

(Wuhan University, Wuhan 430061)

　　

　　Abstract: Incubating specialized, refined, unique and innovative (SRUI) firms can help consolidate and improve the industrial chain, build greater scientific and technological strength, and promote high-quality economic development. High-quality development requires effective improvement of quality and reasonable growth of quantity. There are significant differences in the quantity and quality of SRUI firms across China. Shaping a business environment that can promote the coordinated development of the quantity and quality of SRUI firms is an important measure to alleviate regional differences and achieve high-quality development of SRUI firms. How to optimize the business environment to facilitate the high-quality development of SRUI firms is a pressing practical and scientific problem.

　　This paper starts from a configurational perspective and takes 31 provincial-level regions in China as samples. It qualitatively compares and analyzes the configuration effects of the business environment, exploring the complex causal relationship between the configurations of the business environment and the quantity and quality of SRUI firms. Specifically, this paper uses the fsQCA method to explore how four important antecedents of business environment theory, namely market environment, government environment, legal and policy environment, and humanistic environment, synergistically affect the quantity and quality of provincial SRUI firms and further analyzes the incubation of SRUI firms within and between regions. Based on comprehensive theoretical interpretation and research results, it summarizes the configuration paths that generate the quantity and quality of high/not high SRUI firms, and searches for typical cases.

　　The findings are as follows. First, a single business environment element is not a necessary condition for the quantity or quality of regional SRUI firms, but the government environment plays a universal role as the core condition. Second, two paths, market-government-driven with the support of laws and policies and market-government-driven with the support of humanities, can lead to the high quantity and high quality of SRUI firms, respectively. Moreover, the legal policy environment and the humanistic environment are substitutable, and there are also two paths leading to the high quality of the SRUI firms, namely the government-led type and the advantageous and balanced type. Third, there is no single configuration that can simultaneously generate the high quantity and high quality of SRUI firms, but there is one configuration that can produce non-high quantity and non-high quality of SRUI firms.

　　This paper incorporates small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) into the research of high-quality development, explores the institutional logic of SRUI firms, and analyzes the growth of SMEs based on a complex system perspective. Considering the complexity of the growth environment of regional SMEs, this paper clarifies different impact paths of business environment configurations on the quantity and quality of SRUI firms, providing theoretical guidance for achieving high-quality development of SRUI firms in various regions, and thus assisting in high-quality economic development. The results may inspire local governments to facilitate the coordinated development of regional SRUI firms in terms of quality and quantity, improve the gradient cultivation system, and foster a business-friendly environment for technology-based SMEs.

　　Keywords: high-quality development; business environment; specialization, refinement, uniqueness and innovation; innovation capability; institutional logic