人工智能与高质量就业——基于耦合视角的分析

郝力晓¹　吕荣杰²

（1. 中国民航大学经济与管理学院；2. 河北工业大学经济管理学院）

　　内容提要：本文通过引入耦合概念，基于技术发展过程，从耦合关系判定、耦合过程阐释、耦合阶段划分等维度分析人工智能与高质量就业的关系。研究结果表明：人工智能与高质量就业不仅存在彼此影响、相互依赖的动态关联，还存在静态、单向视角下的技术破坏和创造效应，形成适应于高质量协同理念的新体系。具体地，本文重点考察人工智能与高质量就业的耦合效应，揭示链条耦合、闭环耦合、跨层耦合、远程耦合等耦合形式，分析系统性、协同性、开放性、演化性等耦合特征，并以耦合协调程度作为判断依据，划分两者的耦合协调发展阶段。

　　

　　关键词：人工智能；高质量就业；耦合关系；耦合形式；耦合过程；耦合阶段

　　

　　作者简介：郝力晓，中国民航大学经济与管理学院助理教授，天津，300300；吕荣杰，河北工业大学经济管理学院教授、博士生导师，天津，300401。

　　

　　基金项目：天津市哲学社会科学规划项目“人工智能应用背景下天津制造业中低技能劳动力职业转换困境与破解路径”（TJGLQN22-010）

　　

　　引用格式：郝力晓,吕荣杰.人工智能与高质量就业——基于耦合视角的分析[J].经济与管理研究,2023,44(6):3-18.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2023.06.001.

　　

　　

Artificial Intelligence and High-quality Employment—A Coupling-based Analysis

HAO Lixiao¹, LYU Rongjie²

(1. Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300;

2. Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401)

　　

　　Abstract: In the context of high-quality development, mutual promotion and constraints between artificial intelligence (AI) and employment becomes increasingly prominent. However, the existing literature mainly examines the impact of AI on employment from a one-way perspective, focusing on the outcomes of technological development, with little emphasis on the contradiction between AI and high-quality employment.

　　By introducing the concept of coupling, the paper shifts the focus from the results of technology development to technology development. It analyzes the coupling relationship between AI and high-quality employment from coupling relationship determination, coupling process elucidation, and coupling stage delineation. The results are as follows. First, AI affects and drives high-quality employment through alternative effects, creative effects, efficient effects, and division effects. In contrast, high-quality employment promotes and constrains AI through supply-demand matching, structural matching, institutional guarantee, and cost effects. Second, the coupling evolution between AI and high-quality employment are chain coupling, closed-loop coupling, cross-layer coupling, and remote coupling. Third, AI and high-quality employment have typical systematic, synergistic, open, and evolutionary characteristics. Fourth, based on the development status and the degree of coupling coordination, the coupling of AI and high-quality employment experiences four stages, including low-level, antagonistic, grinding, and high-level coupling.

　　This paper explores the relationship between AI and high-quality employment from the perspective of coupling based on theoretical analysis, and explains the logical paradox between job creation and job destruction caused by the one-way perspective. It may open new ideas and a broader research horizon for the field of technology and employment. These findings may extend the destructive and creative effects of technology from a static and one-way perspective to the traditional technology-employment theory, forming a new system adapted to the concept of highquality collaboration. Therefore, for regions with sufficient quantity and quality of employment, the government can encourage enterprises to introduce and apply AI technologies with high intelligence. However, companies should consider the structure of jobs and workforce skills and refrain from mindlessly pursuing intelligence to achieve collaboration between high intelligence and high-quality employment within the organization.

　　Keywords: artificial intelligence; high-quality employment; coupling relationship; coupling form; coupling process; coupling stage