中国企业灾后何以“涅槃而生”？——来自地方政府应急降费政策的经验证据

张翼飞¹　王希瑞²

（1. 浙江财经大学财政税务学院；2. 上海海关学院海关与公共经济学院）

　　内容提要：本文以2010年洪灾为事件冲击，以2010年前受灾不频繁的地区企业为研究对象，运用2008—2012年全国税收调查数据和强度双重差分模型追踪应急突发事件后企业成长情况的变化。研究结果表明：（1）经营所在地受洪灾影响的企业全要素生产率和资产收益率稳中有升，且未出现资产减持和裁员的现象，这缘于灾区政府实施了以减免和缓缴社保费、减免租金和利息为核心的固定成本降费政策，以及补贴或缓缴水电费、清理行政收费项目为代表的可变成本降费政策；（2）在灾前减税积极性高、财政自给率持续提升、灾后实施税收优惠的地区，政府出台降费政策的积极性更高。本文研究结论为应急财税政策的系统性优化提供了启示。

　　关键词：应急事件；企业成本；地方政府行为；降费；企业成长

　　

　　作者简介：张翼飞，浙江财经大学财政税务学院讲师，杭州，310018；王希瑞，上海海关学院海关与公共经济学院讲师，上海，201204。

　　

　　基金项目：国家社会科学基金重点项目“减税降费背景下地方财政可持续发展研究”（20AJY024）

　　

　　引用格式：张翼飞,王希瑞.中国企业灾后何以“涅槃而生”?——来自地方政府应急降费政策的经验证据[J].经济与管理研究,2023,44(5):110-123.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2023.05.007.

　　

Why Are Chinese Enterprises Reborn from Nirvana After Disaster?

—Empirical Evidence from Local Government Emergency Fee Cuts Policy

ZHANG Yifei¹, WANG Xirui²

(1. Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou 310018;

2. Shanghai Customs College, Shanghai 201204)

　　

　　Abstract: With the increasing frequency of natural disasters, public health and other major emergencies, Chinese enterprises are facing uncertainty about their survival and development. Therefore, the Chinese government is introducing a series of policies to cut and exempt social insurance premiums, reduce and waive rentals, subsidize or postpone water and electricity charges, and clean up administrative fees. However, the implementation and effectiveness of these emergency policies are still unclear.

　　To address these issues, this paper takes the enterprises in the areas not frequently affected by the disaster before 2010 as the research object, using the 2010 flood disaster as the event impact. It then uses the national tax survey data from 2008 to 2012 and the intensity DID model to track the change in enterprise growth after the disaster. The results are as follows. First, the total factor productivity and return on assets increased steadily in flood-affected enterprises, and there were no asset reductions and layoffs. This was mainly due to the implementation of fixed fee cuts policies in the affected areas with the core of reducing and postponing social insurance premiums, reducing rent and interest, and variable cost reduction policies represented by subsidizing or postponing water and electricity fees and cleaning up administrative fees. Second, governments were more motivated to introduce fee cuts policies in areas where tax cuts were active before the disaster, where fiscal self-sufficiency rates continued to rise, and where tax incentives were implemented after the disaster. The findings confirm the importance of government support, and suggest that excellent systems and adequate funding amplify the enthusiasm for fee cuts policies, and the organic coordination of tax and fee cuts policies can play a combination effect.

　　Compared with the existing literature,the marginal contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) Using multiple fee cuts policies for mechanism analysis. Compared with tax cuts policies, this paper takes into account the diversity of non-tax policies and tax rate differences. It is conducive to identifying the enthusiasm for the government’s differentiated fee cuts policies under different states of enterprises, providing sufficient evidence for enterprise growth. (2) Using the heterogeneity analysis of pre-disaster fiscal policy preferences, financial security, and post-disaster tax incentives. This paper considers the role of support systems and the financial environment in government decision-making under the dual dimensions of pre-disaster and post-disaster, which has positive implications for building a systematic emergency fiscal and tax governance system.

　　Keywords: emergency event; enterprise cost; local government behavior; fee cuts; enterprise growth