高新区建设与制造业技术创新——基于区域异质性视角的实证检验

胡哲力　顾乃华

（暨南大学产业经济研究院）

内容提要：本文考察国家级高新区建设对制造业技术创新的影响效应的区域异质性，进而判断高新区是否异化以及在多大范围内异化为工业园区。研究结果表明：从全局效应而言，高新区的设立推动了制造业的技术创新水平，即高新区没有异化为工业园区。高新区对制造业技术创新的影响存在着区域异质性，设立高新区的政策对东部地区制造业技术创新水平的促进作用较为显著，该政策仅推动中部地区制造业技术创新的质量，但是对于西部地区和东北部地区而言，该政策并没有推动区域内的制造业技术创新，即西部地区以及东北地区的高新区异化为了工业园区。与中小型城市相比，高新区对中国大型城市的制造业技术创新水平的作用较为显著。虽然总体而言高新区促进了制造业技术创新的水平，但是该政策仅促进了低技术密集度制造业的技术创新。基于调节效应的机制检验，本文认为高新区通过集聚人力资本以及集聚生产性服务业等渠道推动制造业技术创新的数量。

关键词：国家级高新区；工业园区；制造业；技术创新；创新驱动发展

作者简介：胡哲力，暨南大学产业经济研究院博士研究生，广州，510632；顾乃华，暨南大学产业经济研究院研究院教授、博士生导师。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目“粤港澳大湾区产业融合发展的机制与政策研究”（19ZDA079）

引用格式：胡哲力,顾乃华.高新区建设与制造业技术创新——基于区域异质性视角的实证检验[J].经济与管理研究,2023,44(1):55-72.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2023.01.004.

　　

　　

High-tech Zone Construction and Manufacturing Technology Innovation
—Empirical Test Based on Regional Heterogeneity

HU Zheli, GU Naihua

(Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632)

　　

　　Abstract: National high-tech industrial development zones(NHTIDZs) are widely used to stimulate technological cooperation and innovation in specific geographic areas. This paper explores the effect of China's NHTIDZs on manufacturing technology innovation performance. Based on the quasi-natural experiment, it empirically investigates the incentive of NHTIDZs with the multi-period difference-in-differences method. Then, it examines the impact of NHTIDZs construction on technological innovation in manufacturing and regional heterogeneity using the municipal panel data from 2000 to 2018.The findings are as follows. Firstly, establishing NHTIDZs promotes the technological innovation level in manufacturing, indicating that they are different from industrial zones. Regarding dynamic effects, NHTIDZs adopt similar policies to attract enterprises in the early stage of establishment, resulting in a policy of diminishing returns to scale. After secondary entrepreneurship, NHTIDZs can promote the quantity and quality of technological innovation in manufacturing. Secondly, the impact of NHTIDZs on technological innovation in manufacturing has significant regional heterogeneity. Specifically, the impact is more significant in improving the manufacturing technology innovation level in the eastern region. It also promotes the quality of manufacturing technology innovation in the central region. However, the impact is not obvious in the western and northeastern regions, making those NHTIDZs similar to industrial parks. Moreover, compared with small and medium-sized cities, NHTIDZs in large cities significantly affect technological innovation in manufacturing. Thirdly, the role of NHTIDZs in promoting the technical innovation level is only reflected in low-technology-intensive manufacturing. Fourthly, NHTIDZs promote the quantity of technological innovation in manufacturing through channels such as the agglomeration of human capital and producer services.This paper may provide policy insights to further promote the high-quality development of NHTIDZs and manufacturing in China. Firstly, it is necessary to optimize the spatial layout of the NHTIDZs according to local conditions. Secondly, it should strengthen the talent strategy, providing high-quality human capital for manufacturing technology innovation. Thirdly, it should further improve the environment of manufacturing technology innovation and actively promote the optimization and upgrade of industrial structure.

　　Keywords: national high-tech industrial development zone; industrial zone; manufacturing; technological innovation; innovation-driven development