行政体制改革、要素市场化与建设全国统一大市场

夏杰长 刘 诚

（中国社会科学院财经战略研究院）

 

内容提要：党的二十大报告提出“构建全国统一大市场，深化要素市场化改革，建设高标准市场体系”的战略任务。行政体制改革是连接市场机制与统一大市场建设的关键。从1982年至今，中国先后进行了七轮较大规模的行政体制改革，这些改革对要素市场化起到了较大促进作用，也促进了全国统一大市场建设。目前，微观企业自由进出市场，市场配置效率大幅提高，已初步建成全国统一大市场。而市场扭曲在新时期又有一些新的表现，比如部分行政区划旧壁垒反弹、“准行政”壁垒偶尔发生、超大特大城市功能过于集中、营商环境有待提升、线上市场与线下市场割裂等。需要从改进地方官员激励方式、保持改革渐进性、优化协调区域利益、用契约精神代替特事特办、强化数字经济监管五个方面进一步化解这些市场扭曲。本文相关结论对推进中国行政体制改革、激励要素市场化与建设全国统一大市场具有一定的政策启示和实践指引。

 

关键词：行政体制改革；市场扭曲；要素市场化；全国统一大市场；市场配置效率

 

作者简介：夏杰长，中国社会科学院财经战略研究院研究员、博士生导师，北京，100006；刘诚，中国社会科学院财经战略研究院副研究员。

 

基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目“生产网络视角下服务业技术进步影响因素、机制及路径优化研究”（72073139）；国家社会科学基金重大项目“从制造向服务转型过程中二三产业统筹协调发展的重大问题研究”（20＆ZD087）；中国社会科学院创新工程项目“数字经济赋能服务业高质量发展研究”（2022CJYB004）

 

引用格式：夏杰长,刘诚.行政体制改革、要素市场化与建设全国统一大市场[J].经济与管理研究,2022,43(11):3-13.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2022.11.001.

　　

　　

Administrative System Reform, Factor Marketization and Building a National 
Unified Market

XIA Jiechang, LIU Cheng

(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100006)

　　

　　Abstract: The Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the strategic task of “building a unified national market, advancing reforms for the market-based allocation of production factors, and putting in place a high-standard market system”. The administrative system reform is the key to connecting the market mechanism with the construction of a unified market. Since 1982, China has implemented seven rounds of large-scale administrative system reform, with a greater emphasis on promoting factor marketization and the construction of a unified national market. At present, micro-enterprises have free access to the market, the efficiency of market allocation is greatly improved, and a unified national market is initially established. However, there are some new manifestations of market distortion in the new era, such as the rebound of old barriers to administrative division, the chance of quasi-administrative barriers, the excessive concentration of functions in megacities, the unfavorable business environment, and the fragmentation of online and offline markets. Therefore, it is necessary to further resolve these market distortions in five aspects: improving incentives for local officials, maintaining progressive reform, optimizing coordination of regional interests, replacing special tasks with contractual spirit, and strengthening regulation of the digital economy. These findings have some policy implications and practical guidance for promoting China’s administrative system reform, incentivizing factor marketization, and building a unified national market.

 

　　Keywords:  administrative system reform; market distortion; factor marketization; unified national market; market allocation efficiency