全国统一大市场建设的城市就业促进效应

高波　郝少博

（南京大学）

内容提要：全国统一大市场建设作为构建双循环新发展格局的基础支撑和内在要求，对城市总体就业水平会产生深远影响。在理论分析的基础上，本文选取2004—2023年地级市层面的数据，深入考察全国统一大市场建设的城市就业效应。研究发现，全国统一大市场建设能够有效提升城市总体就业水平。机制分析结果显示，全国统一大市场建设主要通过市场规模效应、产业集聚效应以及劳动力要素流动效应来提升城市就业水平。异质性分析发现，全国统一大市场建设的城市就业促进效应在产业竞争力较强的城市以及东部地区的城市更为明显。本文不仅丰富了全国统一大市场建设与就业相关的研究，还为政府推动构建双循环新发展格局促进高质量充分就业提供了政策参考。

关键词：全国统一大市场建设；城市就业水平；市场规模效应；产业集聚效应；劳动力要素流动

作者简介：高波，南京大学长江三角洲经济社会发展研究中心教授、博士生导师，南京，210093；郝少博，南京大学商学院博士研究生。

基金项目：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“长三角区域提高现代化水平研究”（CYD-2020004）

引用格式：高波,郝少博.全国统一大市场建设的城市就业促进效应[J].经济与管理研究,2025,46(12):108-124.

Employment Promotion Effect of the Construction of a Unified National Market

GAO Bo, HAO Shaobo

(Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093)

Abstract: The construction of a unified national market (UNM), as an important component of improving China’s socialist market economy, aims to create a development pattern that unifies basic institutional rules and market facilities at the foundational level, as well as commodity and factor markets at the higher level. It exhibits significant market size and resource allocation effects, thereby having a non-negligible impact on promoting full employment. Based on theoretical analysis, this paper conducts an in-depth investigation into the intrinsic relationship between the construction of a UNM and urban employment levels using city-level data from 2004 to 2023.

The findings indicate that the construction of a UNM can effectively enhance overall urban employment levels, and this conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness checks. Mechanism analysis reveals that the construction of a UNM boosts urban employment through such effects as market size, industrial agglomeration, and labor factor mobility. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the employment promotion effect is more pronounced in cities with stronger industrial competitiveness and in those located in the eastern region.

Based on these findings, this paper proposes the following policy recommendations. First, it is essential to advance the construction of a UNM, fully leverage the decisive role of market mechanisms in resource allocation, and promote the realization of market size effects, industrial agglomeration effects, and labor factor mobility effects to effectively enhance overall urban employment levels. Second, while advancing the construction of a UNM, policymakers should guide industries that lack competitiveness in eastern regions to relocate to central and western regions, establish and improve institutional mechanisms that support inter-regional industrial transfers, and enhance resource allocation efficiency, thereby boosting overall employment levels in cities in the central and western regions. Third, regions should be guided to avoid blind competition and to develop industrial systems according to their comparative advantages and industrial foundations, enabling them to gain competitive advantages within the UNM, promote regional economic development, and elevate overall urban employment levels.

The potential marginal contributions are threefold. First, this paper examines the impact of the construction of a UNM on urban employment levels, providing relevant evidence for promoting high-quality and full employment through the establishment of a new development pattern. Second, it analyzes the theoretical mechanisms through which the construction of a UNM affects urban employment from the demand side and empirically tests these mechanisms from both macro and micro perspectives, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of the intrinsic relationship between the construction of a UNM and urban employment levels. Third, it further conducts heterogeneity analyses of the employment promotion effects across different cities and regions, offering more comprehensive and detailed empirical evidence on how the construction of a UNM enhances urban employment, thus providing more scientific and specific guidance for government efforts to promote high-quality and full employment through the new dual-circulation development pattern.

Keywords: construction of a unified national market; urban employment level; market size effect; industrial agglomeration effect; labor factor mobility

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