高标准农田建设对绿色农业的影响研究

——基于农户生态耕种行为的视角

孙学涛¹　庞静泊²

（1.山东社会科学院；2.农业农村部）

摘要：农户生态耕种是发展绿色农业和提升农产品品质的必然要求，高标准农田建设通过保护农业生态环境的方式为农户生态耕种提供了契机。在小农户与现代农业有机衔接背景下，本文基于全国农村固定观察点2019—2022年数据，利用面板模型研究高标准农田建设对农户生态耕种行为的影响。研究结果显示：高标准农田建设促进了农户生态耕种行为，且高标准农田建设会减少农户化肥和农药使用量；高标准农田建设还会通过农业经营规模和农业机械化进一步提升农户生态耕种积极性；高标准农田建设能够促进粮食主产区、南方地区和较低兼业农户的生态耕种，但高标准农田建设对不同类型农作物的生态耕种行为的影响没有明显差异。在高标准农田建设背景下，本文从构建精准施策政策体系、完善互补涉农政策和重构生产要素配置结构等角度，为农户采纳生态耕种提出了政策建议。

关键词：农户；生态耕种行为；高标准农田建设；绿色农业；农业经营规模化；农业机械化

作者简介：孙学涛，山东社会科学院研究员，济南，250002；庞静泊，农业农村部农村经济研究中心副研究员，通信作者，北京，100810。

基金项目：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“高标准农田建设对农业的多途径影响：时空规律、要素替代与效率提升”（72203212）；泰山学者专项经费资助“农业新质生产力对粮食综合生产能力的影响：理论机制、实证识别与政策优化”（TSQN202408407）

引用格式：孙学涛,庞静泊.高标准农田建设对绿色农业的影响研究——基于农户生态耕种行为的视角[J].经济与管理研究,2026,47(2):104-120.

Impact of High-Standard Farmland Construction on Green Agriculture

—From the Perspective of Farmers’ Ecological Farming Behaviors

SUN Xuetao¹, PANG Jingbo²

(1. Shandong Academy of Social Sciences, Jinan 250002;

2. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100810)

Abstract: From the perspective of high-standard farmland construction (HSFC) practices, the improvement and upgrading of farmland infrastructure, such as land leveling, optimization of irrigation and drainage systems, construction of road networks, and establishment of farmland shelterbelts, provide new opportunities for green agricultural production. Theoretically, HSFC not only enhances the quality of agricultural products but also supports farmers in adopting ecological farming practices by protecting the agricultural ecological environment. Therefore, in the context of gradually transforming permanent basic farmland into high-standard farmland, the impact of HSFC on green agriculture requires further theoretical and empirical exploration.

Against the backdrop of integrating small-scale farmers with modern agriculture, this paper investigates the impact of HSFC on farmers’ ecological farming behaviors using panel data from the National Rural Fixed Observation Points from 2019 to 2022 and employing panel econometric models. The findings reveal that HSFC promotes farmers’ ecological farming behaviors, and this result remains robust and reliable after a series of endogeneity and robustness tests. Additionally, HSFC not only influences farmers’ ecological farming behaviors but also reduces their use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. However, HSFC does not significantly affect farmers’ use of agricultural plastic film.

Mechanism analysis indicates that HSFC not only expands the scale of agricultural operations and advances agricultural mechanization but also further enhances farmers’ enthusiasm for ecological farming through these two channels. Heterogeneity analysis shows that this positive impact exhibits disequilibrium effects, with a more pronounced influence in regions with higher levels of agricultural development. Furthermore, HSFC promotes ecological farming in major grain-producing regions, southern areas, and among farmers with lower levels of non-agricultural part-time wage income. However, no significant differences are observed in its effects on ecological farming behaviors across crop types.

Based on these findings, this paper proposes three policy recommendations to improve HSFC and develop green agriculture: constructing a targeted HSFC system, strengthening the complementary design of agriculture-related policies, and restructuring the allocation of agricultural production factors.

This paper extends the ecological spillover effects of high-standard farmland construction to the perspective of farmers’ ecological farming practices, enriching related research on the non-equilibrium dynamics. This holds practical significance for enhancing farmers’ enthusiasm for ecological farming and optimizing high-standard farmland construction, thereby providing a diversified pathway of support for sustainable agricultural development. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes the role of HSFC in advancing green agriculture. Although the economic effects of HSFC exhibit distinct Chinese characteristics, its impact may also extend to other developing economies undergoing agricultural and rural modernization.

Keywords: farmer; ecological farming behavior; high-standard farmland construction; green agriculture; scale of agricultural operations; agricultural mechanization

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