算力部署与制造企业出口技术复杂度

尹琪¹　范黎波¹　谢枚玲²

（1.对外经济贸易大学；2.中南财经政法大学）

摘要：随着实体经济与数字经济的不断融合，算力作为关键支撑要素对制造业出口竞争力的影响愈发凸显。本文选取2017—2023年沪深A股上市制造企业数据，实证探究算力部署与制造企业出口技术复杂度之间的因果效应。研究发现，算力部署能够提升制造企业出口技术复杂度。机制分析表明，算力部署可通过优化劳动要素与吸引耐心资本、拓宽创新广度与突破核心技术、减少信息扭曲与精准对接需求的路径，驱动制造企业出口技术复杂度提升。异质性分析结果显示，在中外合资和私营企业、竞争性行业及公共数据开放地区，算力部署对制造企业出口技术复杂度的提升作用更为明显。本文的研究为制造企业优化算力部署、摆脱低技术含量与低附加值困境、实现全球价值链高端攀升提供了理论依据。

关键词：算力部署；出口技术复杂度；制造企业；耐心资本；核心技术；创新能力

作者简介：尹琪，对外经济贸易大学国际商学院博士研究生，北京，100029；范黎波，对外经济贸易大学国际商学院教授、博士生导师，通信作者；谢枚玲，中南财经政法大学会计学院博士研究生，武汉，430073。

引用格式：尹琪,范黎波,谢枚玲.算力部署与制造企业出口技术复杂度[J].经济与管理研究,2026,47(6):49-62.

Computing Power Deployment and Export Technological Sophistication of Enterprises

YIN Qi¹, FAN Libo¹, XIE Meiling²

(1. University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029;

2. Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073)

Abstract: Currently, China’s manufacturing sector faces the pressing contradiction of being large but not strong: scale advantages do not align with quality and efficiency, whilst breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields lag behind the complete industrial chain. Against the backdrop of external technological blockades, entity list restrictions, and the normalization of trade frictions, the traditional development model reliant on factor inputs and scale expansion is no longer sustainable. Enhancing export technological sophistication (ETS) and accelerating industrial upgrading have become imperative. Simultaneously, with the rapid development of the digital economy and the continuous improvement of the computing power ecosystem, computing power has transformed from its past role as basic infrastructure into a crucial engine driving China’s medium- to long-term economic growth. Continuously empowered by computing power, enterprises are gradually building a virtuous cycle ecosystem that spans technological research and development, product upgrades, and export breakthroughs. This not only helps cope with external technological pressures but also provides key support for China’s manufacturing sector to climb to the higher end of the global value chain.

Based on data from China’s A-share listed manufacturing enterprises from 2017 to 2023, this paper empirically investigates the causal effect between enterprise computing power deployment and ETS. The findings proves that computing power deployment enhances the ETS of manufacturing enterprises by providing foundational support, strengthening computational power, and creating developmental momentum. Mechanism analysis reveals that this positive effect operates through three paths: optimizing labor factors and attracting patient capital; broadening the scope of innovation and achieving breakthroughs in core technologies; and reducing information distortion and precisely matching demands. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive effect is more pronounced in joint ventures and private enterprises, as well as enterprises in competitive industries and regions with open public data.

The marginal contributions are as follows. First, this paper shifts focus from the macro-level digital economy and artificial intelligence to enterprise-level computing power deployment and reveals its micro-level mechanism in export upgrading, thereby filling the gap regarding the deconstruction of the foundational dimension. Second, this paper moves beyond the singular logic that technological application solely enhances efficiency. By integrating the characteristics of the computing power industry chain, it constructs mechanisms of foundational support, computational power enhancement, and developmental momentum, systematically explaining the complete transmission path through which computing power deployment enhances ETS.

Keywords: computing power deployment; export technological sophistication; manufacturing enterprise; patient capital; core technology; innovation capability

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