农村集体产权制度改革与粮食全要素生产率增长

金华丽　杨骞　刘传明

（山东财经大学）

摘要：农村集体产权制度改革作为新时代中国农村改革的重大制度创新，对盘活农村要素资源、优化要素配置以及提升农业生产效率具有重要的理论价值与实践意义。本文基于2014—2023年中国1980个县域的面板数据，将农村集体产权制度改革试点作为一项准自然实验，运用多期双重差分模型结合马姆奎斯特（Malmquist）指数分解框架，考察了农村集体产权制度改革对粮食全要素生产率增长的影响。研究结果显示，农村集体产权制度改革促进了县域粮食全要素生产率增长，该结论经稳健性检验后依然成立。农村集体产权制度改革对粮食全要素生产率增长的影响呈现明显的空间异质性，在土地资源禀赋优越和地形起伏度低的县域，政策效应更为明显。此外，农村集体产权制度改革效应呈现技术效率持续提升和技术创新先抑后促的双重表现特征。在技术效率维度上，改革表现为持续的提升效果。在技术创新维度上，改革呈现短期抑制效应，而随着制度环境趋于稳定和主体适应性调整的完成，抑制效应在滞后三期后转变为促进效应。本文的研究结论为深化农村集体产权制度改革与保障国家粮食安全提供了经验参考。

关键词：农村集体产权制度改革；全要素生产率增长；粮食安全；技术效率；农业现代化

作者简介：金华丽，山东财经大学经济学院博士研究生，济南，250014；杨骞，山东财经大学经济学院教授、博士生导师，通信作者；刘传明，山东财经大学经济学院副教授。

基金项目：山东省社会科学规划研究项目“数据要素赋能粮食产业高质量发展研究”（25CJJJ04）；国家社会科学基金重点项目“‘双碳’背景下农业减排固碳与粮食安全协同推进研究”（22AJY008）

引用格式：金华丽,杨骞,刘传明.农村集体产权制度改革与粮食全要素生产率增长[J].经济与管理研究,2026,47(1):67-82.

Reform of Rural Collective Property Rights System and Grain Total Factor Productivity Growth

JIN Huali, YANG Qian, LIU Chuanming

(Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014)

Abstract: The reform of the rural collective property rights system (RCPRS) represents a major institutional innovation in China’s rural reforms in the new era. Against the backdrop of accelerating rural revitalization and agricultural modernization, scientifically assessing the policy effects of the RCPRS holds theoretical value and practical significance for deepening rural reform, optimizing resource allocation, and ensuring national food security. Drawing on property rights and resource allocation theories, this paper develops an analytical framework of property rights restructuring-resource allocation-efficiency improvement. Using balanced panel data from 1,980 counties in China from 2014 to 2023, this paper treats the implementation of the RCPRS pilot policy as a quasi-natural experiment and examines the impact of the reform on grain total factor productivity (TFP) growth, its manifestation features, and its spatial heterogeneity by employing a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model combined with the Malmquist TFP index decomposition method.

The findings are threefold. First, the RCPRS has a positive impact on grain TFP growth. This conclusion remains valid after multiple robustness tests, including Goodman-Bacon decomposition, propensity score matching with DID (PSM-DID) estimation, placebo test, and double machine learning estimation. Second, the policy effect exhibits spatial heterogeneity, with more pronounced impacts observed in counties with superior land resource endowments and lower topographic relief, highlighting the importance of tailoring policies to local conditions and implementing targeted measures. Third, the reform effect is characterized by a dual pattern of improved technical efficiency and a time lag in technological innovation. In terms of technical efficiency, the reform demonstrates sustained improvements in clarifying property rights boundaries, optimizing resource allocation structures, and enhancing incentive compatibility. In terms of technological innovation, the reform follows a dynamic evolutionary trajectory of short-term suppression-gradual reduction-long-term promotion, with the suppression effect transforming into a promotion effect after a three-period lag. The positive performance of technical efficiency improvement outweighs the negative performance of the short-term slowdown in technological innovation, resulting in an overall leap in grain TFP.

This paper provides a solid empirical foundation for scientifically evaluating the policy performance of the RCPRS. It holds significant theoretical guidance and policy reference value for improving the rural property rights system, optimizing the allocation of agricultural production factors, constructing a modern agricultural management system, and consolidating the foundation of national food security.

Keywords: reform of rural collective property rights system; total factor productivity growth; food security; technical efficiency; agricultural modernization

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