数字化转型如何驱动制造企业从碳锁定到碳解锁？

陈真玲　王雪婷　叶青

（北京工商大学）

内容提要：打破制造企业高碳锁定，提升碳解锁能力，已成为推动中国经济低碳转型的关键环节。本文将数字化转型、企业竞争力提升、内外部环境因素和碳解锁能力纳入统一的研究框架，基于2008—2023年中国制造业上市公司的面板数据，实证检验数字化转型对制造企业碳解锁的影响及其作用机制。研究结果显示，数字化转型能够有效提升制造企业碳解锁能力，其中产品生产数字化转型和商业运营数字化转型均具有赋能效应，但前者的赋能效应相对较弱；数字化转型通过提升企业竞争力促进碳解锁，其中经济竞争力的提升不仅能够直接推动碳解锁，还可以通过增强绿色创新竞争力和管理竞争力产生间接促进作用，而缓解融资约束和提高政府环境关注度可以强化这一促进效应。此外，数字化转型能够赋能大型制造企业碳解锁，但对中小型制造企业的促进效果不明显；与非国有企业和劳动密集型企业相比，数字化转型对国有企业和资本密集型企业的促进效应更强。本文的研究为制定促进数字化转型和制造业碳解锁的相关政策提供了参考。

关键词：数字化转型；碳解锁；制造企业；竞争力赋能；融资约束；政府环境关注度

作者简介：陈真玲，北京工商大学经济学院教授、首都流通业研究基地研究员，北京，100048；王雪婷，北京工商大学经济学院博士研究生；叶青，北京工商大学经济学院副教授，通信作者。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金一般项目“数字技术赋能制造业碳解锁机制与实现路径研究”（23BJY083）；北京市教育委员会“市属高校分类发展-北京工商大学数字商学新兴交叉学科平台建设”资助项目；2025年度北京工商大学人文社科类重大重点培育专项项目

引用格式：陈真玲,王雪婷,叶青.数字化转型如何驱动制造企业从碳锁定到碳解锁?[J].经济与管理研究,2025,46(12):21-38.

How does Digital Transformation Drive Manufacturing Enterprises from Carbon Lock-in to Carbon Unlocking?

CHEN Zhenling, WANG Xueting, YE Qing

（Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048)

Abstract: Breaking the high-carbon lock-in of manufacturing enterprises and enhancing their carbon unlocking capability are key steps in promoting China’s low-carbon economic transition. This paper integrates digital transformation, enterprise competitiveness, internal and external environmental factors, and carbon unlocking capability into a unified analytical framework to explore the internal mechanism through which digital transformation empowers carbon unlocking in manufacturing enterprises.

Using panel data of China’s listed manufacturing enterprises from 2008 to 2023, this paper empirically examines the impact of digital transformation on carbon unlocking, including the direct effect, mechanisms, interaction effects, and heterogeneity. Furthermore, based on the characteristics of digital transformation, it investigates the impacts of the digitalization of product production and business operations on carbon unlocking in manufacturing enterprises.

The empirical results are as follows. (1) Overall, digital transformation effectively enhances the carbon unlocking capability of manufacturing enterprises. The digitalization of product production and business operations also exerts positive impacts, while the enabling effect of the former is relatively weaker. (2) Digital transformation facilitates carbon unlocking by strengthening enterprise competitiveness. Specifically, the improvement in economic competitiveness directly promotes carbon unlocking and also indirectly enhances it by reinforcing green innovation competitiveness and managerial competitiveness. In addition, easing financing constraints and increasing government environmental attention can further strengthen the positive effect of digital transformation on carbon unlocking. (3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that digital transformation can only empower carbon unlocking in large manufacturing enterprises. Compared with non-state-owned and labor-intensive manufacturing enterprises, state-owned and capital-intensive ones experience stronger promoting effects of digital transformation on carbon unlocking. Moreover, the digitalization of product production enhances carbon unlocking in state-owned, large, and labor-intensive enterprises.

This paper provides insights for developing policies that promote digital transformation and carbon unlocking in the manufacturing sector. The government should actively encourage and guide manufacturing enterprises to accelerate their digital transformation, promote the construction of digital infrastructure, introduce supportive policies, and implement incentive measures to lower the costs and risks associated with digital transformation. Moreover, targeted and precise policy support should be adopted to enhance policy adaptability and ensure the smooth implementation of digital initiatives across the manufacturing sector. The government should also leverage the exemplary role of state-owned and large enterprises to advance digital transformation across all dimensions of enterprise operations, break carbon lock-in, harness the dividends of the digital economy, and drive high-quality, sustained industrial development.

Keywords: digital transformation; carbon unlocking; manufacturing enterprise; competitiveness empowerment; financing constraints; government environmental attention

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