易地扶贫搬迁与脱贫户生计脆弱性：降低抑或加剧？——来自湘鄂渝黔毗邻民族地区的例证

蒙媛¹　陆远权²　陈莉¹

（1. 重庆大学公共管理学院；2. 重庆师范大学经济与管理学院）

     

内容提要：易地扶贫搬迁在全面建成小康社会过程中发挥着举足轻重的作用，但部分脱贫户仍存在较高的脆弱性，这将是中国减贫工作需要重点关注的问题。本文依据湘鄂渝黔毗邻民族地区脱贫户实地调研数据，运用线性回归模型，系统评估易地扶贫搬迁对脱贫户生计脆弱性有何影响及如何影响，并剖析区域、安置方式、搬迁时间及生计策略的差异性作用。分析结果显示，易地扶贫搬迁对脱贫户生计脆弱性产生改善效果，此结论在经过安慰剂检验和分位数回归模型等稳健性检验后仍然成立。进一步的分析结果显示，地区差异、安置方式与搬迁时间的交互项、生计策略对易地扶贫搬迁的脱贫户生计脆弱性降低作用存在异质性影响。机制检验结果表明，家庭收入多样化和个体志向水平是易地扶贫搬迁降低脱贫户生计脆弱性的重要机制，而家庭收入多样化的中介效应更为突出。本文为易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持政策优化、扶贫工作高质量推进、脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接提供新的经验证据。

关键词：易地扶贫搬迁；湘鄂渝黔毗邻民族地区；脱贫户；生计脆弱性

作者简介：蒙媛，重庆大学公共管理学院博士研究生，重庆，400044；陆远权，重庆师范大学经济与管理学院教授、博士生导师，通信作者，重庆，401331；陈莉，重庆大学公共管理学院博士研究生。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金一般项目“湘鄂渝黔毗邻民族地区脱贫农户生计可持续的长效保障机制研究”（18BMZ149）;重庆市教委人文社会科学研究重点项目“重庆脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接模式及实现路径研究”（22SKGH086）；国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目“西藏民生满意度持续改善机制：基于拉萨市农牧区大型入户调查的实证研究”（71964031）

引用格式：蒙媛,陆远权,陈莉.易地扶贫搬迁与脱贫户生计脆弱性:降低抑或加剧?——来自湘鄂渝黔毗邻民族地区的例证[J].经济与管理研究,2024,45(1):94-111.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2024.01.006.

　　

　　

Influence of Relocation from Inhospitable Areas on Livelihood Vulnerability of Households Moving out of Poverty: Reduction or Exacerbation?
—Examples from Ethnic Minority Areas Adjacent to Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, and Guizhou

MENG Yuan¹, LU Yuanquan², CHEN Li¹

(1. Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044;
2. Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331)

　　

　　Abstract: Relocation from inhospitable areas plays a pivotal role in building a moderately prosperous society, and the key lies in reducing the livelihood vulnerability of households moving out of poverty. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the impact of relocation from inhospitable areas on the livelihood vulnerability of households moving out of poverty in the ethnic minority areas adjacent to Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, and Guizhou. This will provide theoretical guidance and practical support for improving the well-being of households moving out of poverty, promoting the sustainable development of ethnic minority areas, and realizing common prosperity.

　　This paper constructs a multi-dimensional livelihood vulnerability index for households moving out of poverty and uses a linear regression method to investigate this influence and the underlying mechanism based on household survey data. The result shows that relocation significantly affects the livelihood vulnerability of households. The finding remains valid after endogeneity treatment and robustness tests. The influence is especially noticeable in Hunan and households living in the concentrated resettlement sites or having a long history of relocation or non-farm-based livelihood plans. Furthermore, relocation reduces the livelihood vulnerability of households through the mediation of household income diversification and individual aspiration level, and the former is more prominent.

　　The main contributions of this paper are threefold. First, it investigates the influence of relocation on the livelihood vulnerability of households moving out of poverty in the Wuling Mountain area, broadening the scope of previous research. It can serve as a model for studying the relocation in the rest areas. Second, it examines the heterogeneity of relocation from the angles of regions, the interaction between resettlement mode and relocation time, and livelihood plans, which provides an empirical basis for the government to optimize the relocation policy. Third, it enriches the previous studies by examining the underlying mechanism of the influence of relocation on the livelihood vulnerability of households moving out of poverty from both empirical and theoretical standpoints.

Based on the empirical research, this paper offers the following recommendations. First, the government should increase follow-up support to lessen the livelihood vulnerability of households moving out of poverty. Second, it is necessary to diversify the household income to enhance risk resilience. Third, it is suggested to raise individual aspiration levels and to strengthen the ability for self-improvement.

　　Keywords: relocation from inhospitable area; ethnic minority areas adjacent to Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, and Guizhou; household moving out of poverty; livelihood vulnerability

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