重污染企业如何实现高水平环境响应？

李东升¹　周 喆²　刘 丹²

（1. 烟台大学；2. 山东工商学院）

内容提要：重污染企业实施积极环境响应行为是解决生态环境问题的有效方式之一。企业环境响应具有因果关系的复杂性，如何通过不同要素组合来实现高水平环境响应是一个值得探究的问题。本文构建重污染企业环境响应的影响因素分析框架，从动态视角探究2012—2016年和2017—2021年两个时期中国82家重污染企业实现高水平环境响应的可能条件组合及动态演进逻辑。研究结果显示：企业环境响应的驱动路径在2012—2016年存在两种构型，在2017—2021年则存在四种构型；高管环境注意力在推动企业实现高水平环境响应方面发挥着较为普适的作用；环境规制压力作用随着时间的推移逐渐减弱，而企业行为由外在压力下的被动响应转变为多重动力下的主动作为。本文的研究结论拓展了企业环境响应多因素动态联动机制的相关研究，对重污染企业环境响应水平的提高具有一定的启示意义。

关键词：重污染行业；企业环境响应；复杂性理论；环境规制政策；污染防治

作者简介：李东升，烟台大学经济管理学院教授，烟台，264005；周喆，山东工商学院公司治理与企业改革研究中心助理研究员，烟台，264005；刘丹，山东工商学院公司治理与企业改革研究中心副教授，通信作者。

基金项目：山东省社会科学规划重大理论和现实问题协同创新研究专项、山东社会科学院创新工程资助项目“山东链主企业数字化减碳协同治理效应与实现机制研究”（23BCXJ05）

引用格式：李东升,周喆,刘丹.重污染企业如何实现高水平环境响应?[J].经济与管理研究,2024,45(11):126-144.

How to Achieve High-level Corporate Environmental Responsiveness in Heavy-polluting Enterprises？

LI Dongsheng¹, ZHOU Zhe², LIU Dan²

(1. Yantai University, Yantai 264005;

2. Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai 264005)

Abstract: The implementation of positive environmental response behavior by heavy-polluting enterprises is one of the effective ways to solve ecological and environmental problems. Based on the complexity theory and the driving force-pressure-state-response (DPSR) model, the paper constructs the analysis framework of influencing factors of environmental responsiveness of heavy-polluting enterprises (HPEs) and expands the corporate environmental responsiveness (CER) evaluation index system. In addition, combined with the necessary condition analysis (NCA) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), this paper uses a dynamic perspective to explore the possible combination of conditions and dynamic evolution logic of 82 HPEs in China to achieve high-level CER during 2012-2016 and 2017-2021.

The conclusions are as follows. First, a single antecedent factor does not constitute the necessary condition for enterprises to achieve high-level CER. Second, the driving paths of CER during 2012-2016 included two configurations: co-driven by the joint efforts of the three parties and attention-oriented with the assistance of pressure. During 2017-2021, there were four configurations: attention-oriented under financing pressure, attention-oriented under capital driving force, attention-oriented under market driving force, and capability-oriented under multiple driving forces. Third, horizontal analysis reveals that during 2012-2016, environmental regulations and executives’ environmental attention played an important driving role in enterprises’ realization of high-level CER, and there was a substitution relationship between pressure factors. During 2017-2021, non-high financing constraints and executives’ environmental attention exerted important driving effects on the outcome variables, and there was a substitution relationship between the driving factors. Fourth, dynamic analysis indicates that executives’ environmental attention plays a universal role in promoting enterprises to achieve high-level CER. Furthermore, environmental regulation in the environmental response path gradually transitions from a presence state to an absence state, and HPEs transition from passive environmental response to active environmental response. In addition, changes in the internal and external environment serve as the reason and basis for the differences in environmental response paths of HPEs in different periods.

The implications are as follows. First, the government, enterprises, investors and other parties should work together to help achieve a high-level environmental response. Second, HPEs should coordinate related resource elements to achieve a high-level CER, give full play to the role of executive status characteristics in promoting CER, formulate their development strategies from a long-term perspective, and change environmental response behaviors from passive to active engagement. Third, the government should further rationalize the leading and coordinating relationship with the market, and the relevant departments can adjust the intensity of environmental regulations based on the responsiveness of local HPEs to environmental concerns.

Keywords: heavy-polluting enterprise; corporate environmental responsiveness; complexity theory; environmental regulatory policy; pollution prevention

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