国有企业战略使命的理论认识及评价制度构建

——基于扎根理论对93家中央企业使命陈述的归纳研究

黄群慧^1,2　郝鑫泓²

（1.中国社会科学院；2.中国社会科学院大学）

摘要：本文旨在对国有企业战略使命问题进行深入的理论和案例研究，以期对中国特色国有企业理论构建、国有企业履行使命制度建设提供学术支撑。选取93家中央企业作为典型案例，运用程序化扎根理论研究法的规范译码程序对案例进行剖析，整合关于国有企业使命的主要观点，发掘出国有企业肩负的“社会主义国家使命”和“市场经济主体使命”两个范畴并剖析两个范畴之间的逻辑关系，对应新时代以来对增强“核心功能”和提升“核心竞争力”的国有企业改革发展政策导向，并根据国有企业实际情况构建了中国特色社会主义国有企业使命理论模型，进而对这一理论进行了系统的分析和阐述形成结论。相应地，本文对国有企业履行使命的改革和使命导向的评价制度建立提出政策建议。

关键词：中央企业；国有企业；国企使命；扎根理论；核心功能；核心竞争力

作者简介：黄群慧，中国社会科学院经济研究所研究员，北京，100836；中国社会科学院大学经济学院教授、博士生导师，北京，102488；郝鑫泓，中国社会科学院大学经济学院博士研究生，通信作者。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目“发展新质生产力与完善现代化产业体系研究”（24&ZD039）；国务院国有资产监督管理委员会项目“中国特色国有企业理论的内涵、结构与演进脉络研究”

引用格式：黄群慧,郝鑫泓.国有企业战略使命的理论认识及评价制度构建——基于扎根理论对93家中央企业使命陈述的归纳研究[J].经济与管理研究,2026,47(3):3-20.

Theoretical Understanding and Assessment System Construction of Strategic Missions of SOEs

—An Inductive Study of Mission Statements from 93 Centrally Administered SOEs Based on Grounded Theory

HUANG Qunhui^1,2, HAO Xinhong²

(1. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100836;

2. University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 102488)

Abstract: In the context of comprehensively deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and advancing Chinese modernization in the new era, accurately defining the strategic missions of SOEs and establishing a mission-oriented assessment system have become critical theoretical and practical issues. The pressing need to expedite the establishment of a system to assess SOEs’ performance in fulfilling their strategic missions imposes higher demands on systematically clarifying the connotations of their missions and improving SOE governance frameworks. Against this background, this paper anchors its analysis within the framework of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and the socialist market economy, taking the SOEs’ strategic missions as its core analytical concept.

Using 93 centrally administered SOEs under the supervision of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council in China as typical cases, this paper systematically collects and analyzes their publicly disclosed mission statements. Adopting a procedural grounded theory approach, the paper conducts bottom-up inductive analysis through open, axial, and selective coding to construct a theoretical framework of SOE missions. The findings indicate that the missions of SOEs can be summarized into two core categories: the socialist country mission and the market entity mission. The former mission emphasizes strengthening SOEs’ core functions, including serving major national strategies, safeguarding national security, and promoting common prosperity for all. The latter mission focuses on enhancing SOEs’ core competitiveness, mainly through creating market-based economic value and meeting the reasonable expectations of stakeholders. Although both missions differ in functional orientation and practical pathways, they are logically interconnected and mutually reinforcing, jointly forming a theoretical framework of SOE missions with Chinese characteristics that closely aligns with the policy orientation of strengthening core functions and enhancing core competitiveness in the new round of SOE reforms.

On this basis, the paper further examines the current status of mission statements among centrally administered SOEs, identifying issues such as vague mission cognition, superficial mission expression, and insufficient integration with enterprise-specific realities. Accordingly, this paper proposes policy recommendations for establishing a mission-oriented assessment system for SOEs’ performance in fulfilling their strategic missions, emphasizing the need to build on classified reform, improve differentiated assessment mechanisms, and strengthen the guiding role of mission orientation in institutional design, so as to better promote the coordinated development of SOEs in serving national strategies and participating in market competition.

Keywords: centrally administered SOE; SOE; SOE mission; grounded theory; core function; core competitiveness

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