市场准入管制放松与创业活跃度——基于负面清单的证据

徐 晔　 王志超

（江西财经大学）

内容提要：作为市场化改革的“试验田”，市场准入管制放松在有效释放市场红利、提高创业活跃度、促进高质量充分就业等方面，对实现经济高质量发展发挥着关键作用。本文基于2012—2022年中国企业工商注册信息构建城市-行业面板数据，以市场准入负面清单政策作为准自然实验，运用多期政策效应估计法实证分析市场准入管制放松对创业活跃度的影响。研究结果显示，市场准入管制放松能够促进创业活跃度提升，并且该结论在一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。机制检验结果表明，市场准入管制放松通过优化营商环境、提振市场信心、促进政策聚集来提高城市创业活跃度。交互效应分析结果显示，行政管理体制越完善、监管机制越健全以及管理模式越专业化，市场准入管制放松带来的创业活跃度提升作用越大。异质性分析结果表明，市场准入管制放松更能促进市场规模水平高、行业壁垒程度高和要素配置水平高地区的创业活跃度提升。此外，市场准入管制放松对创业活跃度的提高也能进一步驱动就业质量的提升，即产生创业就业联动效应。本文的研究为进一步提高市场开放水平、释放政策红利提供了政策启示。

关键词：市场准入；负面清单；创业活跃度；营商环境；就业质量

作者简介：徐晔，江西财经大学统计与数据科学学院教授、博士生导师，南昌，330013；王志超，江西财经大学统计与数据科学学院博士研究生，通信作者。

基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目“数字经济对产业低碳发展影响机制研究：基于要素融合视角”（72473058）；国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目“数字赋能视阈下创新要素配置促进制造业高质量发展的机制研究”（72163008）

引用格式：徐晔,王志超.市场准入管制放松与创业活跃度——基于负面清单的证据[J].经济与管理研究,2025,46(8):3-18.

Relaxation of Market Access Regulations and Entrepreneurial Activity

—Evidence from the Negative List

XU Ye, WANG Zhichao

(Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330013)

Abstract: Since its implementation in 2016, the negative list system for market access has aimed to establish a fair, open, transparent, and efficient market access mechanism. By clearly listing areas where investment is prohibited or restricted, its core objective is to break down hidden barriers, reduce institutional transaction costs, and stimulate market vitality. The system promotes the transformation in government governance methods and clarifies the boundaries between the market and the government. It also seeks to advance the construction of a unified national market, enhance policy transparency through standardized management, optimize the business environment, maximize resource allocation efficiency, and ensure fair market competition.

This paper constructs the city-industry panel data based on the business registration information of all enterprises in China from 2012 to 2022. Taking the negative list policy for market access as a quasi-natural experiment, it employs the Callaway and Sant’Anna difference-in-differences (CSDID) approach to empirically analyze the impact of the relaxation of market access regulations on entrepreneurial activity. The conclusion reveals that such relaxation can increase entrepreneurial activity, and this finding remains true after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism tests show that the relaxation of market access regulations enhances urban entrepreneurial activity by optimizing the business environment, boosting market confidence, and increasing policy concentration. Interaction effect analysis indicates that a more comprehensive administrative management system with relaxed market access regulations, a sounder supervision mechanism, and a more professional management model bring a higher level of entrepreneurial activity. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the relaxation of market access regulations can more effectively enhance entrepreneurial activity in regions with high market size levels, high industry barriers, and high factor allocation levels. In addition, the relaxation of market access regulations can further enhance entrepreneurial activity, improve employment quality, and create a linkage effect between entrepreneurship and employment.

Based on the above conclusions,this paper proposes the following policy recommendations. It is crucial to further promote the negative list system for market access, refine the reform of the market system, explore effective management models and supervision methods for the implementation of the negative list, and enhance the professional operation level of regions. High priority should be given to the significant role of the negative list policy in improving the business environment, market information, and policy aggregation, in order to thoroughly smooth the channels through which this policy promotes urban entrepreneurship vitality.

The marginal contributions of this paper are as follows. It enriches research related to entrepreneurial activity, provides more accurate empirical evidence for the promoting effect of the negative list system for market access on entrepreneurial activity, and holds significant implications for building an efficient market competition system and a new development pattern.

Keywords: market access; negative list; entrepreneurial activity; business environment; employment quality

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