电商进村如何驱动农业产业集群发展？

——基于农业生产方式转型的视角

李慧^1,2　张应良¹

（1.西南大学；2.伊犁师范大学）

摘要：数字技术应用是驱动农业产业集群形成、升级和持续发展的新引擎，为农业产业集群发展提供了新的实现路径。本文利用2005—2023年中国县域面板数据，以电商进村政策实施为准自然实验，采用多期双重差分法识别电商进村对农业产业集群发展的影响效应。实证研究发现，电商进村有助于农业产业集群发展。机制分析表明，电商进村通过推动农业生产方式向科技化、标准化、品牌化三个维度转型来赋能农业产业集群发展。异质性分析表明，电商进村促进了地形起伏度高、南方地区、金融发展水平高县域的农业产业集群发展，且对农业劳动力投入低县域的影响效应大于农业劳动力投入高县域。这表明电商进村能够弥补地形起伏度高县域因农业生产条件差导致的农业产业集群发展不充分问题。同时，组织化水平高、农业劳动力充分转移、金融发展水平高是电商进村驱动农业产业集群发展的有效条件。本文为“大国小农”背景下的农业产业集群发展、农业生产方式转型、农业强国建设提供了经验证据和政策启示。

关键词：电商进村；农业产业集群；农业科技；农业生产方式；农业品牌；乡村振兴

作者简介：李慧，西南大学经济管理学院博士研究生，重庆，400715；伊犁师范大学旅游与历史文化学院讲师，伊宁，835000；张应良，西南大学商贸学院教授、博士生导师。

引用格式：李慧，张应良. 电商进村如何驱动农业产业集群发展？：基于农业生产方式转型的视角［J］. 经济与管理研究，2026，47（10）：116-131.

How Does the Rural E-commerce Initiative Promote the Development of Agricultural Industrial Clusters?

—From the Perspective of the Transformation of Agricultural Production Modes

LI Hui^1,2, ZHANG Yingliang¹

(1. Southwest University, Chongqing 400715;

2. Yili Normal University, Yining 835000)

Abstract: Digital technology serves as a new engine driving the formation, upgrading, and sustained development of industrial clusters, providing new pathways for the development of agricultural industrial clusters. Using county-level panel data from China spanning 2005 to 2023, this paper treats the implementation of the Rural E-commerce Comprehensive Demonstration Program as a quasi-natural experiment and employs a multi-period difference-in-differences method to identify the impact of the Rural E-commerce Initiative (REI) on the development of agricultural industrial clusters.

The findings reveal that the REI benefits the development of agricultural industrial clusters, and this finding holds after a series of robustness checks. Mechanism analysis confirms that this positive effect operates by promoting a three-dimensional transformation of agricultural production modes—toward technology-intensive, standardized, and branding-oriented production. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the policy effect of the REI is prominent in counties with high terrain undulation, counties located in southern regions, and counties with high financial development levels. Furthermore, the positive effect is more pronounced in counties with low agricultural labor input, indicating that the REI can compensate for the insufficient development of agricultural industrial clusters caused by poor agricultural production conditions in counties with high terrain undulation. Additionally, high organizational levels, sufficient transfers of agricultural labor, and high financial development levels constitute effective conditions for the REI to drive cluster development.

This paper argues that under the REI, it is necessary to coordinate the development of technological agriculture, quality agriculture, and brand agriculture, and promote the cluster-based development of the agricultural industry. First, the high-quality development projects of rural e-commerce should be continuously implemented to enhance the empowering effect of e-commerce by optimizing the comprehensive service platforms of rural e-commerce, increasing the intensity of rural modern logistics distribution, and promoting the diversification and quality upgrading of rural e-commerce entities. Second, e-commerce development opportunities should be fully leveraged to modernize agricultural production by promoting technology diffusion and equipment adoption, standardizing production, improving supply-demand matching, and enhancing brand value through new business models. Finally, agricultural industrial clusters should be developed according to local conditions. This requires improving the organizational levels of agriculture and rural areas to enhance market responsiveness; promoting synergy between financial development and rural e-commerce; and balancing the transfer of agricultural labor and the transformation and upgrading of the agricultural industry.

Keywords: Rural E-commerce Initiative; agricultural industrial cluster; agricultural technology; agricultural production method; agricultural brand; rural revitalization

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