就地城镇化与教育代际流动性变迁

王毅航　谢 尚

（北京大学）

内容提要：本文使用中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据，梳理了“村改居”政策与教育代际流动性变化的特征事实，并采用双重差分模型对政策效应进行实证检验。研究结果显示，“村改居”政策冲击提高了子代教育向上流动性，改善了改制村居的教育代际流动性水平。鉴于不同学历程度家庭人力资本投资以及认知型社会资本积累对家庭财富的弹性差异，“村改居”政策的家庭财富冲击引致异质性教育深化效应，使得低学历家庭子代获得更大的教育代际向上流动性改善，这对于摆脱教育代际黏性引致的贫困传递具有重要意义。

关键词：就地城镇化；“村改居”；教育代际流动；人力资本；代际平等

作者简介：王毅航，北京大学经济学院博士研究生，北京，100871；谢尚，北京大学经济学院博士后。

引用格式：王毅航,谢尚.就地城镇化与教育代际流动性变迁[J].经济与管理研究,2024,45(9):100-125.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2024.09.006.

In Situ Urbanization and Changes in Intergenerational Educational Mobility

WANG Yihang, XIE Shang

(Peking University, Beijing 100871)

Abstract: Urbanization profoundly impacts residents’ socio-economic activities and significantly affects social equity and individual well-being. The village-to-residential community (VRC) policy is a crucial tool in China’s new urbanization, aimed at promoting in situ urbanization. Exploring whether this policy can enhance vertical social equity, represented by intergenerational educational mobility, is vital for addressing the poverty transmission caused by intergenerational educational stickiness, improving intergenerational equality, and advancing human-centered urbanization.

This paper proposes three potential mechanisms through which the VRC policy may affect intergenerational educational mobility based on the intergenerational transmission model of human capital. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), it outlines stylized facts concerning the policy and changes in intergenerational educational mobility. Then, it empirically examines these theoretical mechanisms with the difference-in-differences (DID) model. The empirical analysis strategy controls for non-parallel trends and random factors, providing policy suggestions based on relatively reliable findings.

The findings reveal that the policy enhances intergenerational educational mobility for families in VRC areas, reducing their intergenerational correlation coefficient of education. In terms of the influencing mechanisms, the policy elevates the educational attainment level of younger generations from lower-educated families. In contrast, this impact on higher-educated families is less pronounced, which enhances intergenerational educational mobility. Analysis based on the mechanism of intergenerational human capital investment suggests that the impact on household wealth relaxes the budget constraints on human capital investment, leading to increased investment in human capital for younger generations. This effect varies across parental education levels, contributing to the improvement in intergenerational educational mobility. Furthermore, the VRC policy increases cognitive social capital among lower-educated families, enhancing intergenerational mobility in education.

This paper deepens the understanding of the VRC policy from a micro perspective, provides new evidence on factors influencing intergenerational educational mobility, introduces new measures for intergenerational educational mobility, and expands research on the micro-level aspects of in situ urbanization. The results indicate that the VRC policy, as a crucial lever in China’s new urbanization, can exert manifold direct and indirect effects on intergenerational opportunity equity. Promoting the VRC policy in regions with a foundation for urbanization can help residents break free from the poverty transmission caused by intergenerational educational stickiness. Additionally, it is essential to improve the provision of public services in VRC communities and involve residents effectively in promoting in situ urbanization, thereby enhancing intergenerational mobility across society.

Keywords: in situ urbanization; village-to-residential community policy; intergenerational educational mobility; human capital; intergenerational equality

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