林权改革何以影响农户林业生产投入？

魏 建¹　戴永务¹　刘 璨²

（1. 福建农林大学；2.国家林业和草原局）

内容提要：林权改革对完善农村基本经营制度、推动绿色发展和建设生态文明具有重要意义。本文基于全国大样本农户调查数据，运用双重差分模型和中介效应模型实证分析林权改革对农户林业生产投入的影响效果、作用机制及其异质性。研究结果显示，林权改革能够增加农户林业生产投入，并且经过稳健性检验、平行趋势检验、安慰剂检验等一系列检验后此结论依然成立。机制分析结果显示，林权改革通过强化林权安全性直接激励农户增加林业生产投入，尤其对在林权改革中未经历过林地调整的农户家庭，林权改革的林业生产投入激励效应更为明显；林地经营规模、信贷可得性是林权改革间接促进农户林业生产投入增加的重要传导路径。异质性分析结果表明，从林业种植结构来看，林权改革的林业生产投资效应具有明显的生长周期偏好且主要作用于经营生长周期较短的竹林、经济林和速生丰产林，而对经营生长周期较长的一般用材林无政策效果；从空间视角来看，对经济欠发达、山林依赖程度较高的中西部地区家庭，林权改革对农户林业生产投入具有更大的政策激励效应；从农户视角来看，对自然资源禀赋优势更大、林地要素匹配能力更强的中大林地经营规模家庭以及林业生产比较优势更大的低非农化家庭，林权改革提升农户林业生产投入水平的效应更大。结合研究结论，本文提出深化林权改革、优化林地流转和林权抵押贷款政策、强化政策支持的差异化等政策建议。

关键词：林权改革；林地经营规模；林权抵押贷款；信贷可得性；林业生产投入

作者简介：魏建，福建农林大学经济与管理学院讲师，福州，350002；戴永务，福建农林大学经济与管理学院教授、博士生导师；刘璨，国家林业和草原局发展研究中心研究员、博士生导师，通信作者，北京，100714。

基金项目：福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目资助项目“集体林改对农户林业生产要素配置及其效率的影响研究”（KCX23F24A）

引用格式：魏建,戴永务,刘璨.林权改革何以影响农户林业生产投入?[J].经济与管理研究,2024,45(11):48-66.

How does the Collective Forestland Tenure Reform Affect Rural Households' Forestry Production Inputs?

WEI Jian¹, DAI Yongwu¹, LIU Can²

(1. Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002;

2. National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100714)

Abstract: The collective forestland tenure reform (CFTR) is of great significance in improving the basic rural management system, promoting green development and enhancing ecological conservation. Based on the theory of institutional economics, this paper constructs a theoretical framework for the impact of the CFTR on rural households' forestry production inputs. Taking the large-sample rural household survey data from 18 counties in 9 provinces across China, this paper estimates the effect, mechanisms and heterogeneity of the CFTR on forestry production inputs using the difference in differences (DID) model and mediating effect model.

The results show that the CFTR can increase rural households' forestry production inputs. This conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism analysis reveals that the CFTR directly incentivizes rural households to increase forestry production inputs by strengthening the security of forestland tenure, and the incentive effect is more significant for those who have not experienced forestland adjustments after the CFTR. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that from the point of view of plantation structure, the forestry production investment effect of the CFTR shows obvious growth cycle preferences and mainly works on the operation of bamboo forests, economic forests and fast-growing and productive forests with a shorter growth cycle. From a spatial perspective, for households in the central and western regions that exhibit a high degree of dependence on mountains and forests and are economically underdeveloped, the CFTR exerts a greater policy incentive effect on forestry production inputs. From the perspective of rural households, the effect of the CFTR in enhancing the forestry production inputs level is greater among medium- and large-scale forestland management households with greater natural resource endowment advantages and a stronger ability to match forest land factors, as well as among households that possess few off-farming livelihood strategies and comparative advantages in forestry production.

According to the findings, this paper puts forward a number of policy recommendations, including deepening the CFTR, optimizing the policy of forestland transfer and forestland tenure mortgage, and strengthening the differentiation of policy support.

The marginal contributions are as follows. First, this paper reveals the internal mechanism of the CFTR affecting rural households' forestry production inputs. Second, this paper applies the DID model to control the bias of policy estimation results caused by self-selected endogeneity, to make the conclusions more rigorous and general. Finally, based on the national large-sample survey data with wide spatial and temporal coverage, the paper clarifies the heterogeneity of the impact of the CFTR on forestry production inputs, aiming to provide a policy basis for differentiated improvement of the level of forestry production inputs among rural households.

Keywords: collective forestland tenure reform; scale of forestland management; forestland tenure mortgage; credit availability; forestry production inputs

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