高标准农田建设对农户种粮行为的影响

——基于规模经济和服务外包的视角

龚燕玲¹　张应良²　刘晗²

（1.内蒙古农业大学；2.西南大学）

内容提要：农民是农业生产的主力军，承担着保障国家粮食安全的重要责任。高标准农田建设作为提升耕地地力的关键所在，为农业生产带来全新变革。本文基于1032份农户的调查数据，从规模经济和服务外包视角分析高标准农田建设对农户种粮行为的影响及其作用机制。研究结果显示，高标准农田建设政策实施和建设规模增加能够促进农户实施规模种粮行为和服务外包行为。机制分析结果显示，高标准农田建设通过促进农地流转来扩大农户粮食种植规模，通过增加农户家庭粮食种植面积来实现农业社会化服务采纳水平的提升。农地规模经营能够促进服务规模经营，表明农户规模种粮行为是高标准农田建设促进农户实施服务外包行为的重要途径。异质性分析结果表明，高标准农田建设对粮食种植规模的影响呈倒U型关系，采用耕整地、播栽和收获这三大环节机械化服务能够促进粮食种植规模扩大，高标准农田建设主要提高规模户的服务外包行为。基于研究结论，本文提出按需据实推进高标准农田建设、全力提升高标准农田建设质量，引导农地有序流转、加速农业适度规模经营进程，优化农业社会化服务体系、提高农业机械化服务水平的政策建议。

关键词：高标准农田建设；规模种粮行为；服务外包行为；农地流转；粮食安全

作者简介：龚燕玲，内蒙古农业大学经济管理学院讲师，通信作者，呼和浩特，010018；张应良，西南大学商贸学院教授、博士生导师，重庆，400715；刘晗，西南大学经济管理学院博士研究生。

基金项目：研究阐释党的十九届五中全会精神国家社会科学基金重点项目“深入实施藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略的路径与政策研究”（21AZD032）；国家社会科学基金重点项目“新形势下提升中国粮食产业战略竞争力的重点方略与路径选择研究”（20AGL023）

引用格式：龚燕玲,张应良,刘晗.高标准农田建设对农户种粮行为的影响——基于规模经济和服务外包的视角[J].经济与管理研究,2025,46(9):74-92.

Influence of High-Standard Farmland Construction on Farmers’ Grain-Growing Behavior

—From the Perspectives of Economies of Scale and Service Outsourcing

GONG Yanling¹, ZHANG Yingliang², LIU Han²

(1. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018;

2. Southwest University, Chongqing 400715)

Abstract: Farmers are the backbone of agricultural production and bear the important responsibility of ensuring national grain security. As the key to improving the fertility of cultivated land, high-standard farmland construction (HSFC) brings new changes to agricultural production. Thus, it is an urgent and practical issue to clarify the relationship between HSFC and farmers’ grain-growing behavior.

Based on micro-survey data from 1,032 farmers, this paper empirically analyzes the influence of HSFC on farmers’ grain-growing behavior and its mechanism from the perspectives of economies of scale and service outsourcing. It is found that the implementation of the HSFC policy and the increase of construction scale can enable farmers to engage in large-scale grain growing and service outsourcing. Mechanism analysis indicates that HSFC can expand the grain-growing scale by increasing the farmland transfer rate and can improve the adoption level of agricultural socialized services by increasing the grain-growing area. These findings suggest that farmland-scale management can promote service scale management, indicating that the large-scale grain growing of farmers is an important pathway through which HSFC facilitates farmers’ service outsourcing. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the influence of HSFC on the grain-growing scale presents an inverted U-shaped relationship. Mechanization services, including ploughing, soil preparation, sowing, and harvesting, can expand the grain-growing scale. Moreover, HSFC promotes service outsourcing among large-scale households.

The marginal contributions are as follows. First, this paper takes farmers as the main research subject, conducts empirical tests using a dataset of over 1,000 responses from the Survey on Agricultural Development and Grain Production in China, and analyzes farmers’ production responses to HSFC at the micro level. Second, through mathematical model deduction, this paper examines the influence of HSFC on farmland transfer and farmers’ large-scale grain-growing behavior. On this basis, it incorporates the agricultural socialized services into the theoretical model to explore the relationship between HSFC and farmers’ service outsourcing behavior. Third, this paper conducts a heterogeneity analysis from the dimensions of differences in mechanization service segments and farmers’ grain-growing scale, aiming to explain the formation logic behind their varied grain-growing behaviors, thereby replacing the previous single judgment of the impact of agricultural land consolidation on production behaviors.

Based on the conclusions, this paper proposes the following policy suggestions: promoting HSFC according to actual needs while ensuring its quality improvement, guiding orderly farmland transfers, accelerating the moderate agricultural scale operation, optimizing the agricultural socialized services system, and improving the level of agricultural mechanization services.

Keywords: high-standard farmland construction; large-scale grain-growing behavior; service outsourcing behavior; farmland transfer; grain security

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