数字产业集群政策如何影响就业？

庞瑞芝　郑思源　白雪洁

（南开大学）

摘要：在新发展格局与现代产业体系建设背景下，数字产业集群政策对推动产业与就业协同、探索就业友好型发展路径具有重要的理论价值与实践意义。本文选取2000—2023年中国上市公司数据与地级及以上城市数据，运用多期双重差分方法实证检验数字产业集群政策对企业就业水平的影响及其作用机制。研究结果显示，数字产业集群政策能够促进企业就业水平提升，并主要通过生产规模扩张效应、集群外溢效应与融资约束缓解效应实现。异质性分析发现，数字产业集群政策对企业就业水平的提升效应在数字基础设施较完善的地区、竞争程度较高的行业，以及东部和中部地区更为明显。本文的研究结论为“十五五”时期深化数字产业集群建设、推动高质量充分就业提供了经验证据与政策启示。

关键词：数字产业集群政策；就业水平；生产规模扩张；集群外溢；融资约束

作者简介：庞瑞芝，南开大学经济与社会发展研究院教授、博士生导师，天津，300071；郑思源，南开大学经济学院博士研究生，通信作者；白雪洁，南开大学经济与社会发展研究院教授、博士生导师。

基金项目：天津市哲学社会科学规划重点项目“‘数据+技术’赋能天津数字产业集群发展研究”（ZX20250240）

引用格式：庞瑞芝,郑思源,白雪洁.数字产业集群政策如何影响就业?[J].经济与管理研究,2026,47(3):130-143.

How do Digital Industrial Cluster Policies Affect Employment?

PANG Ruizhi, ZHENG Siyuan, BAI Xuejie

(Nankai University, Tianjin 300071)

Abstract: In the context of the new pattern of development and the construction of a modern industrial system, digital industrial cluster policies hold theoretical value and practical importance for promoting synergy between industry and employment while exploring employment-friendly development paths. Based on data from Chinese listed companies and prefecture-level cities and above from 2000 to 2023, this paper employs a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) method to empirically examine the impact of digital industrial cluster policies on corporate employment levels and the underlying mechanisms. The results indicate that these policies can increase corporate employment, primarily through production scale expansion, cluster spillovers, and financing constraint mitigation. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive impact is more pronounced in regions with superior digital infrastructure, industries with higher competition levels, and the eastern and central regions of China. These findings provide empirical evidence and policy enlightenment for deepening the construction of digital industry clusters and promoting high-quality and full employment during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.

The marginal contributions are threefold. First, from a research perspective, this paper investigates the impact of digital industrial cluster policies on corporate employment at the micro level, extending the theoretical framework of the relationship between the digital economy and the labor market. Existing studies mostly focus on macro-economic growth or regional evolution, with limited micro-level assessments of employment effects. By treating digital industrial cluster policies as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper leverages their characteristic of using scientific and technological resources to drive the aggregation of labor and other factors of production to construct a corporate employment level indicator and apply the DID approach for evaluation. This provides a robust empirical basis for understanding how such policies influence firms’ hiring decisions. Second, regarding the mechanisms, this paper departs from firms’ hiring decisions to analyze the drivers of employment growth through production scale expansion, cluster spillovers, and financing constraint mitigation. It focuses on how these policies promote innovation and entrepreneurship by attracting enterprises, talent, and financial resources and strengthening spillover effects while enhancing the capacity of firms to absorb labor through fiscal support and venture capital. Third, in terms of governance value, this paper extends from policy effect identification to implementation path optimization. By addressing practical bottlenecks in cluster construction, it proposes targeted suggestions such as classified policy implementation, structural guidance, and diversified financing support, providing decision-making references for achieving high-quality industrial development and employment synergy, and exploring employment-friendly development paths.

Keywords: digital industrial cluster policy; employment level; production scale expansion; cluster spillover; financing constraint

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