数字技术创新与中等收入群体收入稳定性

孙慧文　刘慧珊　张梦洁

（河南师范大学）

摘要：稳定中等收入群体，防范中等收入群体向下滑落是优化收入分配结构的重中之重。本文在识别数字技术创新影响中等收入群体收入稳定性作用机制的基础上，利用2010—2022年的中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据实证检验了数字技术创新对中等收入群体收入稳定性的影响。研究发现，数字技术创新可以有效提高中等收入群体收入稳定性，起到“稳中”的作用，这一效果是通过多元就业、人力资本积累实现的。异质性分析表明，对于家庭净资产规模更大、社交网络更丰富的中等收入群体而言，数字技术创新对其收入稳定性的提升效应更为明显，这意味着数字技术创新在提高中等收入群体收入稳定性的同时，也可能加剧群体内部的分化。数据要素市场化也会影响数字技术创新与中等收入群体收入稳定性的关系，数据要素市场化水平越高的地区，数字技术创新对中等收入群体收入稳定性的边际提升效应越明显。进一步的拓展研究表明，数字技术创新也有助于提升低收入群体收入稳定性，扩大中等收入群体规模，即数字技术创新可以同步实现“稳中”“扩中”的积极效果。

关键词：数字技术创新；中等收入群体；收入稳定性；多元就业；人力资本积累

作者简介：孙慧文，河南师范大学商学院教授，博士生导师，新乡，453007；刘慧珊，河南师范大学商学院硕士研究生；张梦洁，河南师范大学商学院硕士研究生。

基金项目：河南省高校哲学社会科学应用研究重大项目“技术创新与技术赋能协同推动河南省制造业实现质的有效提升与量的合理增长研究”（2025-YYZD-02）

引用格式：孙慧文,刘慧珊,张梦洁.数字技术创新与中等收入群体收入稳定性[J].经济与管理研究,2026,47(1):116-130.

Digital Technology Innovation and Income Stability of Middle-Income Group

SUN Huiwen, LIU Huishan, ZHANG Mengjie

(Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007)

Abstract: Although China’s middle-income group continues to expand, its income growth rate and stability have shown a notable decline. Stabilizing this group has therefore become a key prerequisite for further expanding its size and optimizing the overall income distribution. As a key variable in the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, digital technology innovation has exerted significant impacts across various fields, including employment, industrial development, and income distribution. Existing research has primarily addressed how digital technology innovation affects income growth and income inequality. This paper instead examines its impact on the income stability of the middle-income group, identifies the underlying mechanism, and investigates the boundary conditions, using data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2010 to 2022.

The findings reveal that digital technology innovation can effectively enhance the income stability of the middle-income group. This positive impact is achieved through the employment effect and the human capital accumulation effect. On the one hand, the skill bias, task deconstruction, and flexibility associated with digital technology innovation provide more employment opportunities for the middle-income group while reducing the costs of engaging in multiple forms of employment. Such diversified employment can effectively hedge against the impact of external uncertainties, such as technological changes, on a single occupation or income source, thereby enhancing income stability. On the other hand, digital technology innovation can optimize the cost-benefit structure of human capital investment, reduce skill mismatches, and enhance knowledge spillovers. This is conducive to improving the human capital level of the middle-income group and mitigating income fluctuation risks.

The impact of digital technology innovation is also heterogeneous. Middle-income individuals with greater household net assets and richer social networks experience a stronger stabilizing effect. This implies that while digital technology innovation enhances overall income stability, it may also exacerbate the differentiation within this group. The marketization of data factors also affects the effectiveness of digital technology innovation. In regions with higher levels of marketization, the marginal positive effect of digital technological innovation is more pronounced. Furthermore, digital technology innovation can also enhance the income stability of the low-income group and expand the middle-income group, thereby simultaneously achieving the positive effects of stabilizing and expanding the middle-income group.

This paper extends research on the income distribution effect of digital technology innovation, deepens the understanding of the impact of digital technology innovation on the middle-income group, and provides a reference for optimizing the income distribution structure in the era of the digital economy.

Keywords: digital technology innovation; middle-income group; income stability; diversified employment; human capital accumulation

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