特色农业产业集群建设与县域经济发展差距

——基于优势特色产业集群创建政策的准自然实验

高鹏　万俊毅

（华南农业大学）

摘要：特色农业产业集群建设是缩小县域经济发展差距，推动区域协调发展的重要路径。本文基于优势特色产业集群创建政策这一准自然实验，选取2014—2023年中国1 522个县域的面板数据，运用多期双重差分模型，评估特色农业产业集群建设对县域经济发展差距的影响。研究结果显示，特色农业产业集群建设对县域经济发展差距具有明显且长期的缩小效应。机制检验结果表明，特色农业产业集群建设主要通过改善县域间涉农企业分布不均态势、推动产业主体间形成连续互惠型关系和矫正县域间公共财政资源失衡状况，缩小县域经济发展差距。异质性分析结果显示，在市场化水平较高、具有集体主义文化特征和财政压力较小的地区，特色农业产业集群建设对县域经济发展差距的缩小效应更为明显。本文的研究结论为完善特色农业产业集群建设和推动区域协调发展提供了政策启示。

关键词：特色农业产业集群；优势特色产业集群；县域经济发展差距；共生理论；区域协调发展

作者简介：高鹏，华南农业大学经济管理学院博士研究生，广州，510642；万俊毅，华南农业大学经济管理学院教授、博士生导师，通信作者。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目“特色农业赋能增收长效机制构建研究”（21&ZD090）

引用格式：高鹏,万俊毅.特色农业产业集群建设与县域经济发展差距——基于优势特色产业集群创建政策的准自然实验[J].经济与管理研究,2026,47(5):115-130.

Development of Characteristic Agricultural Industrial Clusters and County-Level Economic Disparities

—A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on the Advantageous Characteristic Industrial Cluster Policy

GAO Peng, WAN Junyi

(South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642)

Abstract: Counties serve as key nodes linking urban civilization and agrarian society and play an important role in economic development, livelihood protection, and long-term social stability. Although county-level economic disparities in China have generally narrowed in recent years, regional divergence still exists. Thus, addressing the imbalance in county-level economic development and promoting coordinated regional growth pose both theoretical and practical challenges to advancing Chinese modernization. Theoretically, characteristic agricultural industrial clusters built on local resource endowments and comparative advantages offer an important path to strengthening growth momentum in less-developed counties and fostering coordinated regional development. However, existing studies have not fully examined the effects of such cluster development on county-level economic disparities and its mechanisms. A closer examination of this issue can enrich the relevant literature and provide policy support for narrowing county-level development gaps through cluster development.

This paper uses the policy of establishing advantageous characteristic industrial clusters as a quasi-natural experiment, analyzes panel data from 1,522 counties in China from 2014 to 2023 with a multi-period difference-in-differences model, and assesses the impact of characteristic agricultural industrial cluster development on county-level economic disparities. The construction of distinctive agricultural industrial clusters has a long-term narrowing effect on county-level economic development gaps, and this conclusion remains valid after addressing endogeneity and conducting robustness tests. Mechanism analysis reveals that the effect operates through improving the distribution of agriculture-related enterprises, fostering mutually beneficial relationships among industry participants, and addressing imbalances in public fiscal resources. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect is more pronounced in regions with higher marketization, stronger collectivist cultural traits, and lower fiscal pressure. Therefore, efforts should be made to promote coordinated cluster development, activate mechanisms to reduce economic gaps, and account for regional differences.

The paper makes the following marginal contributions. First, it integrates characteristic agricultural industrial clusters with county-level economic disparities within a regional development framework, enriching research on both cluster externalities and regional coordination. Second, using symbiosis theory, it analyzes mechanisms of reducing economic disparities through clusters from the perspectives of symbiotic unit cultivation, relationship shaping, and environmental optimization, expanding the boundaries of symbiosis theory within the field of coordinated regional development. Third, it employs a quasi-natural experiment design and a large county-level dataset with rigorous causal identification strategies, providing a new methodological perspective on how cluster development reduces economic gaps.

Keywords: characteristic agricultural industrial cluster; advantageous characteristic industrial cluster; county-level economic disparity; symbiosis theory; coordinated regional development

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