城市电商化发展与生产性服务业集聚——效应识别与影响机制

李宏兵　吴淳　李震

（北京邮电大学） 

内容提要：城市电商化发展是促进城市转型与提高城市经济表现的重要推力。本文基于国家电子商务示范城市建设的准自然实验，识别城市电商化发展影响生产性服务业集聚的效应及其影响机制。本文发现城市电商化发展促进了生产性服务业的专业化集聚，但对多样化集聚效果不明显。这是由中低端生产性服务业产品特性所致。在长江经济带城市、数字基础设施领先城市、初始生产性服务业集聚程度高的城市，电商化发展对生产性服务业专业化集聚影响更明显。城市电商化发展通过提高地区产业协同度、降低制造业和内资私营企业交易成本促进生产性服务业集聚。城市电商化发展在促进生产性服务业集聚的同时，也提高了城市的创新水平和创新质量。本文为城市电商化发展如何有效促进生产性服务业不同维度集聚提供了参考。　　

关键词：城市电商化发展；生产性服务业集聚；产业协同；交易成本；创新

作者简介：李宏兵，北京邮电大学经济管理学院教授、博士生导师，北京，100876；吴淳，北京邮电大学经济管理学院硕士研究生；李震，北京邮电大学经济管理学院副教授。

基金项目：北京市社会科学基金重点项目“数据跨境安全有序流动支撑北京数字经济高质量发展研究”（23JJA002）

引用格式：李宏兵,吴淳,李震.城市电商化发展与生产性服务业集聚——效应识别与影响机制[J].经济与管理研究,2024,45(5):41-59.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2024.05.003.

　　

　　

Urban E-commerce Development and Productive Service Industry Agglomeration

—Effect Identification and Impact Mechanism

LI Hongbing, WU Chun, LI Zhen

(Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876)

　　

　　Abstract: The emergence of e-commerce has brought significant vitality to the economy, driving progress in the fields of information and communication, transportation and logistics, and financial payments. This paper starts with the disparities in investments in e-commerce infrastructure among cities over 30 years and the resulting differences in the distribution of related industries due to economic development. By leveraging the shock of the e-commerce demonstration city construction policy implemented in 2009, this paper investigates the effect of urban e-commerce development on the agglomeration of related industries and impact mechanisms.

　　Based on the China City Statistical Yearbook from 2003 to 2021, this paper calculates the degree of agglomeration of urban productive service industries and uses the staggered difference-in-differences model for empirical analysis. The results show that urban e-commerce development promotes specialized agglomeration rather than diversified agglomeration. Further investigation indicates that the characteristics of mid- and low-end service industry products are not conducive to diversified agglomeration. However, urban e-commerce development can still promote the diversified agglomeration of high-end services. In identifying the impact mechanisms, this paper examines the effect of urban e-commerce development on service industry agglomeration through regional industrial synergy and intra-city transaction costs. It is found that urban e-commerce development can enhance the synergy between manufacturing and service industries, pulling up the level of productive service industry agglomeration within cities from the demand side. Urban e-commerce development can reduce the transaction costs required for business operations within cities, and service industry agglomeration is achieved mainly through reducing the transaction costs faced by manufacturing enterprises and domestically funded private enterprises within cities. Therefore, cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, those with advanced digital infrastructure, and those with a high initial degree of agglomeration possess more favorable conditions for e-commerce development, which in turn facilitates the specialized agglomeration of services within cities.

The contributions of this paper are as follows. Firstly, it systematically examines the impact of urban e-commerce development on the agglomeration of regional productive service industries, expanding and deepening existing research on the factors influencing service industry agglomeration. Secondly, it effectively identifies the causal relationship between urban e-commerce development and service industry agglomeration, taking the number of postal stations during the Ming Dynasty and the spherical distance from cities to Hangzhou as instrumental variables. Thirdly, it uses the China Tax Survey Database to measure transaction costs at the city level and refines changes in intra-city transaction costs, effectively identifying the transaction cost mechanism.

　　Keywords: urban e-commerce development; productive service industry agglomeration; industrial synergy; transaction cost; innovation

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