数字化转型的溢出效应：扩散还是虹吸？

——基于行业内领军企业与行业间产业链双重视角

刘玉斌　能龙阁

（天津财经大学商学院）

 

内容提要：本文基于创新扩散理论与外部性理论，利用2011—2021年中国上市企业和投入产出表数据，探讨行业内领军企业及行业间产业链上下游企业数字化转型对焦点企业转型的影响。研究结果显示：行业领军企业和产业链上下游企业数字化促进焦点企业转型，且产业链上游促进作用高于下游。一方面，数字化转型存在扩散效应，表现在领军企业与产业链上下游企业通过管理层决策同群效应和知识溢出效应促进焦点企业数字化转型；另一方面，数字化转型也存在虹吸效应，表现在产业链下游企业对焦点企业产生研发人才的虹吸效应，领军企业对焦点企业产生数字资本的虹吸效应。本文的研究对于提高领军企业引领带动作用、提升产业链协同效率具有重要启示，并为建设现代化产业体系提供新思路。　　

关键词：领军企业；产业链上下游；数字化转型；扩散效应；虹吸效应

作者简介：刘玉斌，天津财经大学商学院教授、博士生导师，通信作者，天津，300222；能龙阁，天津财经大学商学院博士研究生。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新一代人工智能对中国经济高质量发展的影响、趋向及应对战略研究”（20&ZD067）

引用格式：刘玉斌,能龙阁.数字化转型的溢出效应:扩散还是虹吸?——基于行业内领军企业与行业间产业链双重视角[J].经济与管理研究,2024,45(6):38-57.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2024.06.003.

　　

　　

Spillover Effects of Digital Transformation: Diffusion or Siphoning?

—From the Dual Perspectives of Industry-leading Enterprises and Inter-industry Industrial Chains

LIU Yubin, NENG Longge

(Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin 300222)

　　

　　Abstract: Strengthening leading enterprises and unlocking the advantages of the upstream and downstream industry chains to release digital dividends is crucial for achieving full-chain digitalization and modernization within and across industries. Therefore, exploring the digital spillover effect from the dual perspectives of industry-leading enterprises and upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain can help understand digital transformation comprehensively.

Based on the theories of diffusion of innovations and externality, this paper summarizes how the digitalization of industry-leading enterprises and upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain facilitates or hinders the transformation of focal enterprises. Using data from Chinese listed companies and input-output tables from 2011 to 2021, the paper empirically analyzes the impact of digitalization on the transformation of focal enterprises and the underlying mechanism.

　　The findings show that the digitalization of industry-leading enterprises and upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain facilitates the transformation of focal enterprises, and this effect is more significant in upstream enterprises. This conclusion remains robust after using instrumental variable methods, changing the definition of industry-leading enterprises, and replacing the input-output relationship coefficient. Mechanism analysis reveals a diffusion effect. Industry-leading enterprises and upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain promote the digital transformation of focal enterprises through management decision-making cohort effect and knowledge spillover effect. It also uncovers a siphon effect. Downstream enterprises attract R&D talent from focal enterprises, while industry-leading enterprises acquire digital capital from focal enterprises. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the digital spillover effect of inter-industry industrial chains is more pronounced in non-state-owned enterprises and the manufacturing industry. In addition, market segmentation hinders the digital spillover of the upstream industry chain. The spillover in the Pearl River Delta is primarily intra-industry and downstream, while it is predominantly intra-industry in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

This research has important implications for industry-leading enterprises, industry chain synergy, and the development of modern industrial systems. On the one hand, it underscores the need to foster industry-leading enterprises, leverage the lighthouse effect of digitalization, and enhance the synergy between the upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain. On the other hand, it also highlights the importance of decision-making and knowledge diffusion at the management level, the potential of the digital spillover effect, and the cultivation of a digital talent team to optimize the allocation of digital capital. These insights are highly relevant and applicable in digital transformation and industrial economics.

　　Keywords: industry-leading enterprise; upstream and downstream in industrial chain; digital transformation; diffusion effect; siphon effect

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