数据要素对高质量发展的影响

——来自公共数据开放的经验证据

刘玉斌　李旭

（天津财经大学）

摘要：公共数据作为数字经济时代的战略性生产要素，已成为促进高质量发展的重要抓手。本文选取2010—2021年中国278个地级及以上城市为研究对象，基于公共数据平台开放这一准自然实验，构建多期双重差分模型，实证分析公共数据对高质量发展的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明，公共数据开放促进了高质量发展，经过内生性分析和稳健性检验后该结论依然成立。机制分析发现，公共数据开放通过改善营商环境、提高创业活跃度以及优化资源配置促进高质量发展。进一步研究发现，公共数据开放对第一产业比重低、数字基础设施水平高以及属于五大城市群的城市的作用更为明显。本文的研究结论为支持地方公共数据开放、促进高质量发展提供了经验证据和政策参考。

关键词：数据要素；公共数据开放；高质量发展；创业活跃度；营商环境

作者简介：刘玉斌，天津财经大学商学院教授、博士生导师，天津，300222；李旭，天津财经大学商学院博士研究生。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金一般项目“公共数据开放促进制造业新质生产力发展的机制与政策研究”（25BJY020）

引用格式：刘玉斌,李旭.数据要素对高质量发展的影响——来自公共数据开放的经验证据[J].经济与管理研究,2026,47(3):21-35.

Impact of Data Factor on High-Quality Development

—Empirical Evidence from Public Data Openness

LIU Yubin, LI Xu

(Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin 300222)

Abstract: The digital economy has become a crucial engine for China’s economic growth, and the role and status of the massive data it generates are increasingly prominent. Public data possesses dual attributes as both a governance factor and a production factor, with enormous social and economic value. Against this backdrop, a systematic analysis of the role of public data in fostering high-quality development not only closely aligns with China’s current economic goals and social development priorities but also provides valuable references for the formulation and implementation of future national policies.

Based on data from 278 prefecture-level cities and above in China from 2010 to 2021, this paper uses the opening of local urban public data platforms as a quasi-natural experiment to construct a multi-period difference-in-differences model and empirically analyze the impact of public data openness on high-quality development and its underlying mechanisms. The findings indicate that public data openness can promote high-quality development. This conclusion remains valid after addressing endogeneity concerns and conducting robustness tests. Mechanism analysis reveals that this positive effect operates mainly by increasing entrepreneurial activity, optimizing the business environment, and improving resource allocation. Heterogeneity analysis further confirms that the effects of public data openness are more pronounced in cities with lower proportions of the primary industry and more advanced digital infrastructure, as well as those located within the five major urban agglomerations. These conclusions offer clear policy implications. First, it is recommended to continuously advance the secure and orderly opening of public data, ensure consistent policy implementation, and fully unlock the potential of public data resources to yield data dividends for high-quality development. Second, local governments should leverage public data openness to achieve interdepartmental information connectivity and further expand channels for public-government engagement. Finally, it should enhance digital infrastructure and actively promote the deep integration of digital technologies with traditional industries, laying the foundation for public data to fulfill its role.

The marginal contributions of this paper are threefold. First, moving beyond the broad category of data factors, this paper focuses specifically on the public data factor, providing new empirical evidence to understand and evaluate it and enriching the relevant research on high-quality development. Second, it further clarifies the pathways through which public data openness facilitates high-quality development, deepening the understanding of how public data value is realized. This offers richer inspiration for fully exploring and utilizing public data in the future. Third, from the perspective of urban differences, it explores the heterogeneous impact on high-quality development, offering concrete guidance for refining future policy design.

Keywords: data factor; data factor; public data openness; high-quality development; entrepreneurial activity; business environment

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