数字基础设施建设对关键核心技术突破的影响

——来自专利文本机器学习的经验证据

元茹静　钞小静

（西北大学）

内容提要：关键核心技术是增强科技创新引领作用的重要抓手，数字基础设施为实现关键核心技术突破提供了重要的底层支撑。本文立足于数字基础设施的典型特征，阐释数字基础设施建设影响关键核心技术突破的理论机理，利用机器学习方法结合2010—2021年中国专利全文数据库筛选识别关键核心技术，并结合基于中国省级政府采购数据度量的数字基础设施建设水平进行实证检验。研究发现，数字基础设施建设水平可以推动关键核心技术突破，数字基础设施建设带来的知识溢出、开放式创新是影响关键核心技术突破的重要渠道；数字基础设施建设对关键核心技术的提升作用在强数字经济监管地区、低对外技术依存度地区、高企业密集度地区以及技术多样化企业中更加明显。本文的研究结论能够为全面推进高水平科技自立自强提供政策参考。

关键词：数字基础设施建设；关键核心技术突破；知识溢出；开放式创新

作者简介：元茹静，西北大学经济管理学院博士研究生，西安，710127；钞小静，西北大学经济管理学院教授、博士生导师，通信作者。

基金项目：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“西部地区数字经济与实体经济的融合路径与政策”（22JJD790063）；教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“贸易网络演化视角下数字基础设施支撑出口韧性的机制及路径研究”（24YJC790209）；陕西省社会科学基金项目“数字基础设施赋能陕西省内外贸易一体化的机制及路径研究”（2024D028）

引用格式：元茹静,钞小静.数字基础设施建设对关键核心技术突破的影响——来自专利文本机器学习的经验证据[J].经济与管理研究,2024,45(11):14-31.

Impact of Digital Infrastructure Construction on Breakthroughs in Core Technologies in Key Fields

—Empirical Evidence from Patent Texts Using Machine Learning

YUAN Rujing, CHAO Xiaojing

(Northwest University, Xi’an 710127)

Abstract: Core technologies in key fields constitute a foundation for strengthening the leading role of scientific and technological innovation. At the same time, digital infrastructure offers significant underlying support for breakthroughs in these fields. How to expedite breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields and strive to achieve autonomy and controllability of these core technologies becomes a crucial issue in China’s economic development. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of the theoretical logic and specific effects of digital infrastructure construction empowering core technologies in key fields is conducive to forming a new research perspective and providing a practical path for achieving greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology.

Based on the analysis of the typical characteristics of digital infrastructure and core technologies in key fields, this paper elucidates the theoretical and operational mechanisms of digital infrastructure construction in facilitating breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields. The machine learning approach with Python is employed to match and screen the patent description items and the description texts of core technologies in key fields published in the patent database of the China National Intellectual Property Administration from 2010 to 2021 to identify these core technologies. Additionally, the level of digital infrastructure construction is gauged by integrating manually organized procurement data of digital infrastructure construction published by China’s provincial government procurement networks, and the relationship between digital infrastructure construction and breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields is empirically examined.

The findings reveal that digital infrastructure construction plays a crucial role in facilitating breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields. This conclusion remains valid after conducting a series of robustness tests, including the endogeneity test, substitution of core explanatory and explained variables, adjustment of estimation methods, and elimination of extreme samples. Furthermore, digital infrastructure construction primarily promotes breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields by enhancing knowledge spillover and open innovation. This promotional effect is more pronounced in technologically diversified enterprises and regions with robust digital economy supervision, low reliance on foreign technologies, and high enterprise density.

The conclusions offer a valuable reference for comprehensively advancing greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology, and contribute to giving full play to the leading role of digital infrastructure construction in the reconfiguration of innovation factors, strengthening the innovation practice of enterprises, and facilitating breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields.

Keywords: digital infrastructure construction; breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields; knowledge spillover; open innovation

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