数字基建驱动绿色创新的效应与机制研究

——基于“宽带中国”战略的政策实验

孟 醒　朱平芳

（上海社会科学院）

内容提要：推进以数字基础设施为代表的新型基础设施建设可以对城市的绿色创新发展产生重要影响并提供转型发展的新机遇。本文采用多期双重差分模型对中国278个城市在2010—2022年的面板数据进行实证分析，检验“宽带中国”战略对城市绿色创新的直接影响和作用机制。实证结果表明，“宽带中国”战略对试点城市的绿色专利申请数量和质量均有促进作用。机制检验结果表明，试点政策主要通过增强环境规制、促进产业结构升级和提升信息化水平影响城市的绿色创新水平。城市类型异质性分析结果表明，数字基础设施的建设对各类型试点城市的绿色创新数量均有促进作用，但是仅对东部地区、非资源型城市的绿色创新质量有显著提升；城市产业异质性分析结果表明，数字基础设施建设对数字产业、新能源产业的绿色创新发展起到了“数质齐升”的效果，有助于城市向绿色创新发展方向转型，进一步分析发现在绿色创新上仍存在“重数量、轻质量”的偏好，从而限制了对城市绿色全要素生产率的提升作用。

关键词：“宽带中国”战略；绿色创新；行业异质性；绿色创新结构；数字基础设施建设

作者简介：孟醒，上海社会科学院数量经济研究中心博士研究生，上海，200235；朱平芳，上海社会科学院数量经济研究中心研究员、博士生导师，通信作者。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金一般项目“数字经济促进现代化产业体系建设的测度研究”（23BTJ015）；国家自然科学基金面上项目“偏线性分位数样本截取和选择模型的估计与应用——基于非参数筛分法（Sieve Method）”（72273091）

引用格式：孟醒,朱平芳.数字基建驱动绿色创新的效应与机制研究——基于“宽带中国”战略的政策实验[J].经济与管理研究,2025,46(1):90-108.

Effect and Mechanism of Green Innovation Driven by Digital Infrastructure

—A Policy Experiment Based on the “Broadband China” Strategy

MENG Xing, ZHU Pingfang

(Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai 200235)

Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of digital infrastructure development on urban green innovation using the “Broadband China” strategy as a quasi-natural experiment. Employing a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model with panel data of 278 Chinese cities from 2010 to 2022, the findings reveal significant improvements in both the quantity and quality of green innovation in pilot cities. Mechanism analysis identifies three key pathways through which the “Broadband China” strategy fosters green innovation: enhanced environmental regulation, industrial structure upgrading, and digital transformation.

The “Broadband China” strategy advances urban green innovation by reshaping cities’ economic and technological landscape. First, enhanced environmental regulation acts as a crucial driver by leveraging real-time monitoring and big data analytics, enabling local governments to enforce stricter environmental standards. Second, industrial structure upgrading is transitioning cities from resource-intensive industries to high-value, low-carbon sectors. Third, digital transformation equips firms with advanced tools and platforms that streamline operations, reduce inefficiencies, and foster collaboration across industries.

The impact of the “Broadband China” strategy varies widely across regions and industries. Eastern cities, characterized by well-established industrial bases, advanced digital ecosystems, and abundant innovation resources, experience the most pronounced improvements in both the quantity and quality of green innovation. In contrast, central and western cities see more modest benefits, primarily in terms of increased green innovation quantity. Similarly, resource-based cities encounter additional barriers due to their reliance on traditional industries and lack of diversified economic structures.

Industry-specific analysis highlights that the “Broadband China” strategy effectively promotes green innovation within emerging sectors, particularly the digital and new energy industries. The digital industry benefits from enhanced infrastructure, facilitating the development of cutting-edge technologies and processes. Similarly, the new energy sector leverages digital solutions to optimize operations and improve environmental performance.

Despite its positive outcomes, the “Broadband China” strategy faces several challenges. To cope with these challenges, this paper proposes the following recommendations. Firstly, policies should incentivize advanced green technology R&D to enhance the sustainability of urban development. Secondly, the central and western regions require tailored strategies such as talent attraction and industrial upgrading to maximize policy benefits. Thirdly, efforts should be concentrated on diversifying industrial structures, promoting digital transformation, and strengthening environmental governance. Fourthly, further investment in the digital and new energy sectors is essential to maintain their leadership in green innovation. Fifthly, leveraging digital tools can improve the enforcement of environmental regulations and drive sustainable practices across industries. Lastly, cross-regional knowledge sharing and resource allocation can help bridge the disparities in green innovation development.

Keywords: “Broadband China” strategy; green innovation; industry heterogeneity; green innovation structure; digital infrastructure

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