能源价格、发明者特征与引致型绿色技术创新

程时雄　陈慧

（湖北大学）

摘要：能源价格市场化改革在一定程度上激发了企业从事绿色技术创新的积极性。本文基于2012—2022年沪深A股上市公司数据，依据发明经验将发明者划分为绿色技术创新领域的在位者和进入者，进而考察能源价格变动如何影响不同类型发明者的绿色技术创新行为。研究发现，能源价格上涨不仅激励了在位发明者持续开展绿色技术创新，也引致了其他发明者加入绿色研发活动，能源价格信号对绿色技术创新同时具有“深度效应”和“广度效应”。机制分析表明，能源价格通过推动企业增加绿色投资、加强环保培训，并促进生产资本和人力资本向研发型转变，从而对绿色技术创新产生促进作用。异质性分析结果显示，深度效应和广度效应在国有企业、低能耗行业、新能源汽车产业链和高政府环保关注度地区更为明显。进一步分析指出，能源价格上升对供应链下游企业仅产生“涟漪型”的短时激励作用。此外，从发明者特征角度，绿色技术创新的广度效应有助于提升企业绿色创新效率，而深度效应则有助于同时提高绿色创新效率与质量。本文从发明者特征视角出发，为提升中国绿色技术创新水平提供了理论支持和政策启示。

关键词：能源价格；引致型绿色技术创新；发明者特征；绿色专利；供应链传导

作者简介：程时雄，湖北大学商学院教授，武汉，430062；陈慧，湖北大学商学院硕士研究生。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重点项目“数字贸易促进中国创新体系效能提升的机制及对策研究”(23AJL010)；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“数绿技术融合赋能减污降碳协同增效的机制与福利效应研究”(72404080)

引用格式：程时雄,陈慧.能源价格、发明者特征与引致型绿色技术创新[J].经济与管理研究,2026,47(6):80-95.

Energy Price, Inventor Characteristics, and Induced Green Technology Innovation

CHENG Shixiong, CHEN Hui

(Hubei University, Wuhan 430062)

Abstract: Within the context of advancing the dual carbon goals, the market-oriented reform of energy prices has raised the cost of energy use and stimulated enterprises’ motivation to engage in green technology innovation (GTI). Based on data from A-share listed companies in China from 2012 to 2022, this paper uses Python to identify incumbent and entrant inventors based on their invention experience and analyze the extensive and intensive effects of energy prices on GTI.

The findings show that rising energy prices not only incentivize incumbent inventors to continue engaging in GTI but also induce other inventors to join green research and development (R&D) activities, indicating that energy price signals have both extensive and intensive effects on GTI. Mechanism analysis reveals that energy prices promote GTI by driving enterprises to increase green investment, strengthen environmental training, and shift production capital and human capital toward R&D-oriented activities. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the intensive and extensive effects are more pronounced in state-owned enterprises, as well as enterprises in low energy-consuming industries, the new energy vehicle industry chain, and regions with high government concern for environmental protection. Further analysis indicates that a rise in energy prices only has a short-term incentive effect on downstream enterprises in the supply chain. Moreover, from the perspective of inventor characteristics, the extensive effect of GTI helps improve green innovation efficiency, while the intensive effect contributes to enhancing both green innovation efficiency and quality. Therefore, establishing and improving the market-oriented operation mechanism of energy prices is the key to promoting the efficient and smooth operation of the energy market; optimizing the transition mechanism for inventors’ green transformation is an important step in promoting the green transformation of industries; and building a continuous incentive or compensation system for corporate inventors is a necessary measure to ensure sustained GTI.

The contributions of this paper are as follows. First, it refines the effects of energy price-induced GTI activities of enterprises into the extensive effect and intensive effect and explores the distinct impacts on corporate green innovation efficiency and quality, thereby characterizing the mechanism through which energy prices induce green innovation activities. Second, it focuses on the Chinese context and enriches the empirical research on energy price-induced GTI at the micro-enterprise level, providing new micro-evidence for understanding how factor price changes affect corporate green innovation behavior. Third, it constructs an enterprise-inventor matched dataset to achieve precise measurement of the extensive and intensive effects of innovation. This approach not only improves the accuracy and granularity of the research indicators but also enhances the explanatory power and academic credibility of the findings.

Keywords: energy price; induced green technology innovation; inventor characteristics; green patent; supply chain transmission

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