人力资本对服务消费水平的提升效应

——基于城乡居民服务消费差距视角

徐紫嫣¹　夏杰长²　姚战琪²

（1. 上海社会科学院应用经济研究所；2. 中国社会科学院财经战略研究院）

 

内容提要：人力资本积累是增加收入、推动消费升级、提升服务消费水平和缩小城乡居民服务消费差距的重要力量。本文利用空间杜宾模型实证研究人力资本对城乡居民服务消费差距的影响，并分析研发资本存量、发明专利申请量和中国城市创新力指数影响城乡居民服务消费差距的作用机制，为进一步释放城乡居民消费潜力、提高服务消费水平和缩小服务消费差距提供政策设计依据。研究发现：第一，人力资本积累可以提高服务消费水平和缩小城乡居民服务消费差距，并且具有空间溢出效应。中部地区人力资本对城乡居民服务消费差距缩小效果最大且对其他区域城乡居民服务消费差距缩小的空间溢出效应最突出。第二，技术创新水平在人力资本对城乡居民服务消费差距的影响中具有间接机制作用，因而可以通过提高研发资本存量和发明专利申请量缩小差距。为进一步缩小城乡服务消费差距，需要从加强人力资本投资、提高企业竞争力和供需匹配能力、适度调节进口贸易占比、提升居民数字消费能力、提高研发资本存量占比等方面发力。　　

关键词：人力资本；服务消费；城乡居民服务消费差距；技术创新；研发资本存量

作者简介：徐紫嫣，上海社会科学院应用经济研究所助理研究员，上海，200020；夏杰长，中国社会科学院财经战略研究院研究员、博士生导师，北京，100006；姚战琪，中国社会科学院财经战略研究院研究员、博士生导师。

基金项目：上海社会科学院院内招标课题“人力资本对城乡居民服务消费差距的影响研究”；上海社会科学院创新工程2024年度创新项目“我国居民旅游新需求与新供给的有效对接理论与政策设计”

引用格式：徐紫嫣,夏杰长,姚战琪.人力资本对服务消费水平的提升效应——基于城乡居民服务消费差距视角[J].经济与管理研究,2024,45(6):19-37.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2024.06.002.

　　

　　

Impact of Human Capital on Service Consumption Level

—A Perspective of Urban-rural  Residents'  Service Consumption Gap

XU Ziyan¹, XIA Jiechang², YAO Zhanqi²

(1. Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai 200020;
2. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100006)

　　

　　Abstract: Human capital accumulation is an important force in increasing residents' income, optimizing consumption structure, improving service consumption level, and narrowing the urban-rural service consumption gap. This paper employs the spatial Durbin model to empirically investigate the impact of human capital on the urban-rural residents' service consumption gap. Then, it further clarifies the role of R&D capital stock, the number of invention patent applications and the innovation index of Chinese cities in mediating the relationship between human capital and the gap.

The findings reveal that human capital accumulation can improve service consumption, narrow the urban-rural residents' service consumption gap, and have a significant spatial spillover effect. The heterogeneity test indicates that human capital in the central region has the greatest effect on narrowing the gap between urban and rural residents and the most prominent spatial spillover effect. The mechanism test shows that technological innovation mediates the impact of human capital on the urban-rural service consumption gap. Specifically, the gap can be narrowed by increasing the R&D capital stock and the number of invention patent applications.

　　Based on the empirical conclusions, this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions. First, it should attach great importance to human capital investment, especially in the central and western regions and rural areas. The government should prioritize the balanced investment in education across the central, eastern, western, urban and rural areas, increase the fiscal educational funds in the central and western regions and areas with underdeveloped human capital, and comprehensively enhance the cultural knowledge and skills of residents in the central and western regions and rural areas to narrow the urban-rural service consumption gap. Second, it should enhance the ability of rural residents to consume services through coordinated efforts of supply and demand. On the supply side, it is necessary to improve the independent innovation ability of enterprises, enrich the variety of service supply, and expand the market to the vast rural areas, so as to provide high-quality service products that meet the needs of rural residents and match the rural consumption environment. On the demand side, in addition to improving farmers income and cultivating their service consumption habits, it should also pay attention to the digital divide between urban and rural residents and improve rural residents' digital consumption skills. Third, it should accelerate technological innovation and increase the proportion of R&D capital stock and the number of patents. It should attach great importance to the positive role of increasing R&D capital and invention patents, enhancing the policy design of technological innovation, and encouraging enterprises to strengthen their investment in R&D and invention patents.

　　Keywords: human capital; service consumption; urban-rural  residents' service consumption gap; technological innovation; R&D capital stock

下载全文