平台开放度与平台依赖型创业企业的创业进入战略研究

高辉¹　李倩²　张建宇¹　张尚珠¹

（1. 天津财经大学商学院；长春大学管理学院）

 

内容提要：本文将合规性模仿与竞争性创新视为创新性程度的一体两端，基于最优区分理论从制度逻辑和竞争逻辑的整合视角分析平台依赖型创业企业在二者之间的权衡问题。通过对依赖特定软件平台生态系统的326家创业企业进行调查分析，本文的研究结果表明创业进入战略创新性与平台开放度呈倒U型关系，知识资源获取在其中起中介作用，而平台专用性和环境不确定性会弱化上述关系。

关键词：平台开放度；竞争性创新；合规性模仿；最优区分；创业企业

作者简介：高辉，天津财经大学商学院讲师，天津，300222；李倩，长春大学管理学院讲师，长春，130022；张建宇，天津财经大学商学院教授，通信作者；张尚珠，天津财经大学商学院硕士研究生。

基金项目：天津市艺术科学规划项目“天津市文化创意产业的创意获利机制与策略研究”（A22023）

引用格式：高辉,李倩,张建宇,等.平台开放度与平台依赖型创业企业的创业进入战略研究[J].经济与管理研究,2024,45(1):127-144.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2024.01.008.

　　

　　

Platform Openness and Entrepreneurial Entry Strategy of Platform-Dependent Start-up

GAO Hui¹, LI Qian², ZHANG Jianyu¹, ZHANG Shangzhu¹

(1. Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin 300222;
2. Changchun University, Changchun 130022)

　　

　　Abstract: The enabling characteristics of platform ecosystems enable increased start-ups to show a greater degree of platform dependence. In the face of increasingly fierce and rapidly changing platform competition, it becomes an urgent theoretical and practical issue for platform-dependent start-ups to choose appropriate entry strategies to gain competitive advantages.

　　Imitation or innovation reflects the contradictory demands of consistency and differentiation faced by enterprises, and the tension between the two is known as optimal distinctiveness. From the optimal distinctiveness theory, this paper regards compliant imitation and competitive innovation as two endpoints and uses the innovativeness of entrepreneurial entry strategy to reflect the relative intensity of imitation and innovation. It analyzes the impact of platform openness on the innovativeness of entrepreneurial entry strategy and explores the mechanisms by introducing knowledge resource acquisition, platform appropriability, and environmental uncertainty. Based on a survey of 326 start-ups that rely on a specific software platform ecosystem, the findings reveal that platform openness has an inverted U-shaped relationship with entry strategy, knowledge resource acquisition plays a significant mediating role, and platform appropriability and environmental uncertainty will weaken the inverted U-shaped relationship. This suggests that platform openness drives the innovativeness of platform-dependent start-ups to a certain extent. However, if the platform is over-open, it will have a negative impact on innovation, requiring a moderate level of openness.

This paper has the following theoretical contributions. First, it analyzed the entrepreneurial entry strategy of platform-dependent start-ups from the perspective of optimal distinctiveness, and explores the paradox of compliant imitation or competitive innovation from the perspective of consistency and differentiation balance, which expands the research on entrepreneurial strategy. Second, based on the context of the platform ecosystem, the influence mechanism of platform openness on entrepreneurial entry strategy is discussed to supplement the antecedent research on strategic balance and enrich the optimal distinctiveness theory. Third, taking platform-dependent start-ups as the research object, it investigates how the tension of compliant imitation and competitive innovation in the platform ecosystem is affected by platform governance rules, which enriches the participant behavior of the platform ecosystem and promotes the research on platform governance.

The findings have practical implications for platform-dependent start-ups. On the one hand, it is helpful to guide platform-dependent start-ups to balance the pressure between compliant imitation and competitive innovation to make optimal platform entry decisions. On the other hand, it can help start-ups understand and deal with the relationship between themselves and the platform by reminding them of the benefits and risks.

　　Keywords: platform openness; competitive innovation; compliant imitation; optimal distinctiveness; start-up

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