迈向共同富裕：中国特色农产品优势区的收入分配效应研究

茹雪　李瑞瑞　刘奥龙

（河南大学）

摘要：发展特色农业是盘活乡村优质资源、推动乡村产业振兴的关键。本文利用2014—2022年中国县域面板数据，以中国特色农产品优势区认定为准自然实验，采用多期双重差分模型考察特优区建设对收入分配的影响。研究结果显示，特优区建设能够缩小城乡收入差距、优化收入分配格局，机制在于生产端的农业产业链优化、流通端的区域品牌建设以及分配端的利益联结。异质性分析结果表明，政策效果在市场潜能较小、经济基础较弱、财政约束较强的地区更为明显，非粮食主产区、特色畜产品和特色粮经作物在缩小城乡差距方面的效果尤为突出，凸显了政策与不同产业产品间的适配性。进一步研究分析发现，特优区政策表现出明显且长期稳定的农村偏向性特征，城乡差距的收敛并非源于城镇端收入的衰退，而是得益于农村端更具弹性的收入增长。本文揭示了特色农业实现价值变现的内在逻辑与可行路径，为资源禀赋型地区促进农民稳定增收、优化收入分配格局、推动实现共同富裕提供了微观证据。

关键词：特色农产品优势区；城乡收入差距；区域基础条件；产业产品特性；农民收入

作者简介：茹雪，河南大学中原发展研究院副教授，郑州，450046；李瑞瑞，河南大学中原发展研究院硕士研究生；刘奥龙，河南大学经济学院副教授，通信作者。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金青年项目“数智化‘零碳’工业园建设效果的统计测度与提升路径研究”（23CTJ025）；河南省软科学研究计划青年项目“数据要素驱动河南省现代乡村产业体系建设的效应测度与优化路径研究”（262400411131）；河南省软科学研究计划一般项目“零碳智慧工业园引领河南省现代化产业体系建设的机制与路径研究”（262400411291）

引用格式：茹雪,李瑞瑞,刘奥龙.迈向共同富裕:中国特色农产品优势区的收入分配效应研究[J].经济与管理研究,2026,47(4):99-114.

Toward Common Prosperity: Income Distribution Effects of China’s Advantageous Areas of Characteristic Agricultural Products

RU Xue, LI Ruirui, LIU Aolong

(Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046)

Abstract: Developing characteristic agriculture is key to revitalizing high-quality rural resources, optimizing income distribution patterns, and promoting rural industrial growth. China’s unique natural and cultural endowment offers a strong foundation, yet characteristic agriculture remains underdeveloped, constrained by weak market competitiveness and an imbalanced production layout. The lack of nationally influential industrial clusters has limited its potential to raise farmers’ income and boost the regional economy.

Consequently, this paper utilizes county-level panel data from 2014 to 2022 and treats the designation policy for China’s Advantageous Areas of Characteristic Agricultural Products (CAACAP) as a quasi-natural experiment. Using a multi-period difference-in-differences model, it examines the impact of CAACAP development on the urban-rural income gap. The findings reveal that CAACAP development effectively raises local rural disposable income per capita and narrows the urban-rural income gap. Mechanism analysis indicates three core pathways: optimizing the agricultural industry chain on the production end; building regional brands and enhancing value on the circulation end; and establishing benefit linkages that integrate and support farmers on the distribution end. Heterogeneity analysis shows that, at the regional level, policy effects are more pronounced in areas with low market potential, weak economic foundations, and high fiscal constraints, thereby providing timely support. At the level of industrial and product characteristics, the effects are stronger in non-major grain-producing areas. Specifically, the areas focused on specialty livestock products and specialty grain and economic crops demonstrate particularly notable impacts in reducing the urban-rural income gap, underscoring the high sensitivity of policy effectiveness to specific industrial attributes. Extended analysis finds that the narrowing of the urban-rural gap stems from the combined effect of rising rural residents’ income and a relative slowdown in the growth of urban residents’ income, indicating that the policy achieves a balance by activating rural growth potential rather than suppressing urban development.

The marginal contributions of this paper are as follows. First, it situates characteristic agriculture within the common prosperity framework and develops a framework covering the entire chain of production, circulation, and distribution to explain how agricultural policy reshapes urban-rural income distribution. Second, it demonstrates that the policy narrows the gap chiefly by boosting rural endogenous growth and raising farmers’ income, rather than by curbing urban growth, thus offering an endogenous growth explanation for balanced regional development. Third, through analyses across regions and industries, it delineates clear boundaries of policy effectiveness.

Keywords: advantageous areas of characteristic agricultural products; urban-rural income gap; regional foundational conditions; industrial and product characteristics; farmers’ income

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