数据要素市场化与地区绿色低碳发展

——来自数据交易平台建设的准自然实验

杜传忠　曹效喜　刘书彤

（南开大学）

内容提要：数字要素市场化赋能资源节约和资源再配置过程，有利于为地区减排增效注入新动能，从而促进地区实现绿色高质量发展。本文基于2007—2021年284个地级及以上城市的数据，利用数据交易平台建设这一准自然实验构建双重差分模型，实证分析数据要素市场化对地区绿色低碳发展的影响。研究结果表明：（1）数据要素市场化建设既有利于降低地区碳强度，又有助于提高地区绿色全要素生产率水平，该结论在一系列稳健性检验后均成立；（2）数据要素市场化通过影响企业决策和政府环保行为促进地区绿色低碳发展；（3）数据要素市场化的绿色低碳发展效应在信息壁垒强的地区更明显；（4）数据要素市场化对绿色低碳发展的影响存在空间效应和辐射范围，且对社会福利亦有明显提升效果。本文的研究结论对进一步推进数据要素市场化建设、促进其对地区减排增效发挥作用、推动加快绿色高质量发展具有较为重要的政策启示。

关键词：数据交易；数据要素市场化；碳强度；绿色全要素生产率；信息壁垒；福利效应

作者简介：杜传忠，南开大学经济与社会发展研究院教授、博士生导师，天津，300071；曹效喜，南开大学经济学院博士研究生，通信作者；刘书彤，南开大学经济学院博士研究生。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新一代人工智能对中国经济高质量发展的影响、趋向及应对战略研究”（20＆ZD067）

引用格式：杜传忠,曹效喜,刘书彤.数据要素市场化与地区绿色低碳发展——来自数据交易平台建设的准自然实验[J].经济与管理研究,2025,46(4):25-44.

Marketization of Data Elements and Regional Green and Low-Carbon Development

—A Quasi-natural Experiment from Data Trading Platform Construction

DU Chuanzhong, CAO Xiaoxi, LIU Shutong

(Nankai University, Tianjin 300071)

Abstract: The low replication cost and minimal quality degradation of data elements provide a feasible pathway for reconstructing green resource elements, enhancing the precision of ecological governance, and ultimately unleashing the green value of data resources. Existing studies primarily explore the constraints and implementation pathways of marketization of data elements from a qualitative or theoretical perspective. This paper focuses on the enhancement pathways through which marketization of data elements contributes to regional green and low-carbon development, conducting an in-depth analysis of its underlying mechanisms, heterogeneity, spatial effects, and welfare implications.

Based on data from 284 prefecture-level and above cities from 2007 to 2021, this paper employs a quasi-natural experiment of data trading platform construction to construct a difference-in-differences (DID) model for an empirical analysis of the impact of marketization of data elements on regional green and low-carbon development. The findings confirm that marketization of data elements helps reduce regional carbon intensity while enhancing regional green total factor productivity (TFP). This conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the impact is more pronounced in regions with stronger information barriers. Mechanism analysis reveals that marketization of data elements promotes regional green and low-carbon development by influencing both corporate decision-making and government behavior. Further analysis identifies that the impact of marketization of data elements on carbon intensity initially increases and then decreases with geographical distance, whereas its impact on green TFP does not exhibit significant variations with distance. Finally, marketization of data elements contributes to regional economic development while reducing unemployment rates.

The potential marginal contributions of this paper are as follows. First, it integrates marketization of data elements and regional green and low-carbon development into a unified analytical framework, systematically examining the impact and underlying mechanisms. Second, it enriches the research on the impact of marketization of data elements on low-carbon and green development. Third, it employs advanced robustness estimation techniques for DID models, double machine learning models, and spatial effect models to conduct robustness checks and further analysis.

Based on theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper proposes policies that include accelerating the construction of data trading platforms, strengthening the development of environmental information infrastructure, and establishing cross-regional and cross-sectoral environmental governance coordination mechanisms through data circulation to further leverage the role of data element markets in enhancing China’s green and low-carbon development.

Keywords: data trading; marketization of data elements; carbon intensity; green TFP; information barrier; welfare effect

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