“智”巢何以引凤：智慧城市建设对地区创业活跃度的影响

谭伟杰¹　胡润哲²

（1. 上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院；2.中央财经大学经济学院）

 

内容提要：智慧城市试点政策对培育新型智慧城市、发展平台经济以及促进城市创业活动的影响是值得关注的议题。本文以2012年以来分三批推行的智慧城市试点政策作为准自然实验，借助计算机编程技术（Python）爬取中国工商企业注册数据和北大法宝政策数据库，基于simhash算法和jieba分词等对相关政策文本进行量化分析，并运用多期双重差分法评估试点政策对创业活跃度的影响及其内在作用机理。研究发现，智慧城市试点政策能够提高试点城市的创业活跃度。机制检验结果表明，智慧产业政策通过促进数据要素集聚提升城市创业活跃度，智慧政务和智慧民生政策通过优化营商环境促进了城市创业。异质性分析结果表明，试点政策的创业效应存在于大中型城市、高市场潜能、高数字经济发展水平和区位优势较好的城市；试点政策对低污染制造业和服务业的创业活跃度提升发挥效应，但同时也抑制了高污染制造业的创业活跃度。结合机器学习算法进行反事实检验，结果表明试点政策的创业效应具有阶段性特征，持续性创业效应需要进一步发挥与其他相关措施的协同作用。

关键词：智慧城市；创业活跃度；营商环境；数据要素集聚；机器学习

作者简介：谭伟杰，上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院博士研究生，上海，200433；胡润哲，中央财经大学经济学院博士研究生，通信作者，北京，102206。

基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目“粤港澳大湾区数据要素跨境流动路径研究”（21&ZD123）

引用格式：谭伟杰,胡润哲.“智”巢何以引凤:智慧城市建设对地区创业活跃度的影响[J].经济与管理研究,2024,45(1):75-93.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2024.01.005.

　　

　　

How Can "Smart" Nest Attract Phoenixes: Impact of Smart City Construction on Regional Entrepreneurial Vitality

TAN Weijie¹, HU Runzhe²

(1. Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433;
2. Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 102206)

　　

　　Abstract: Smart city pilot policies raise concerns about their impact on fostering new types of smart cities, developing platform economies, and promoting urban entrepreneurial activities. This paper takes the smart city pilot policies implemented in three batches since 2012 as a quasi-natural experiment and crawls the micro-data of enterprise registration information and the policy data from Pkulaw. Then, it conducted quantitative analysis on relevant policy texts using the simhash algorithm and jieba segmentation and employed the multi-period difference-in-differences estimation to assess the influence of pilot policies on entrepreneurial vitality and its intrinsic mechanisms.

　　The findings indicate that smart city pilot policies significantly enhance entrepreneurial vitality in pilot cities. The mechanism test reveals that these policies boost urban entrepreneurship by promoting data aggregation, while smart government and smart livelihood policies foster urban entrepreneurship by optimizing the business environment. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the entrepreneurial effect of pilot policies is more pronounced in large and medium-sized cities, as well as cities with greater market potential, higher digital economic development, and better location advantages. Additionally, pilot policies significantly enhance the entrepreneurial vitality of low-pollution manufacturing and service industries but suppress that of high-pollution manufacturing industries. The counterfactual testing with machine learning algorithms shows that the entrepreneurial effect of pilot policies has phased characteristics, and sustained entrepreneurial effects require further collaboration with related measures.

　　The contributions of this paper are as follows. First, it clarifies and expands the relevant literature on the effects of smart city pilot policies. Second, it explores the channels through which pilot policies exert their entrepreneurial effects and verifies the contextual conditions under which these policies affect urban entrepreneurship, enriching related research on market players’ vitality. Third, it reveals the heterogeneity of the policies in terms of phased and sustained effects.

Based on these findings,this paper proposes several policy implications. First, the government should continuously optimize the institutional design and arrangement of relevant policy facilities for smart city construction, fully leveraging the critical role of platform economy development in ensuring employment and entrepreneurship. Second, it is essential to actively coordinate superior cities to demonstrate their effects and drive rational resource allocation in other cities. Third, relying on smart city construction, it is necessary to achieve breakthroughs in green and low-carbon industries, online disclosure of government environmental information, and environmental regulation and supervision, and coordinate green development while enhancing urban entrepreneurial vitality.

　　Keywords: smart city; entrepreneurial vitality; business environment; data aggregation; machine learning

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