中国人才高地建设的多元路径研究

——基于fsQCA的组态分析

王福世¹　陈劲¹　贺敬文¹　靳子懿²

（1.清华大学；2.首都经济贸易大学）

摘要：建设人才高地是世界重要人才中心和创新高地的战略擘画。在中国人才高地整体布局中，北京、上海与粤港澳大湾区需打造为高水平人才高地，其余城市则应加速构建战略支点，形成雁阵式发展格局。本文在城市创新生态系统和人才创新创业生态系统理论的基础上，构建以城市为单元的人才高地创新创业生态系统理论框架，选取中国35个城市数据，从组态视角分析了人才主体、创新支撑主体、创新关键资源、创新人文环境所构成的复杂系统如何影响人才高地的建设。研究发现，存在“人才主体、技术创新主体、政府政策支持、金融资源支持和创新文化环境多元协同驱动型”等5条促进中国人才高地高效能的建设路径；人才高地划分为“引领型”和“支撑型”两种类型，不同类型的人才高地建设具有差异化的模式。本文提出引领型人才高地建设应立足自身组态特征，实施补短板与强协同并重的差异化提升策略，支撑型人才高地建设应聚焦核心与边缘互补机制，走特色化、非对称的建设道路等实践建议。

关键词：世界人才中心；创新高地；人才高地；创新创业生态系统；组态分析

作者简介：王福世，清华大学经济管理学院博士后/清华大学技术创新研究中心助理研究员，北京，100084；陈劲，清华大学经济管理学院教授、博士生导师，通信作者；贺敬文，清华大学经济管理学院博士研究生；靳子懿，首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院博士研究生，北京，100070。

基金项目：国家自然科学基金重点项目“中国企业创新链产业链融合发展模式与机制研究”（72232004）

引用格式：王福世,陈劲,贺敬文,等.中国人才高地建设的多元路径研究——基于fsQCA的组态分析[J].经济与管理研究,2026,47(6):3-19.

Diverse Pathways for Building Talent Hubs in China

—A Configuration Analysis Based on fsQCA

WANG Fushi¹, CHEN Jin¹, HE Jingwen¹, JIN Ziyi²

(1. Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084;

2. Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070)

Abstract: Building talent hubs is a strategic blueprint for implementing the workforce development strategy and building world hubs for talent and innovation. China has outlined plans to build high-caliber talent hubs in Beijing, Shanghai, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and to rapidly develop other cities as strategic fulcrums, forming a V formation. Based on the urban innovation ecosystem theory and the talent innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem theory, this paper constructs an analytical framework for the talent hub innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem at the city level. Taking 35 major cities in China as samples and using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method, it systematically explores the complex mechanisms through which seven antecedent conditions, such as talent and knowledge innovation, drive the effectiveness of talent hub construction from a configurational perspective.

The main findings are as follows. First, there are five diverse paths that can promote the efficient construction of China’s talent hubs, including a multilateral synergy-driven path that integrates talent, technological innovation, government resource support, financial resource support, and innovative cultural environment. Second, leading talent hubs such as Beijing and Shanghai have generally formed a common configuration of an innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem with talent as the core driver, while supporting talent hubs exhibit various joint driving models that are not dominated by talent as the core. The construction paths of these hubs differ significantly. Third, there is an asymmetric relationship between high-efficiency and non-high-efficiency outcomes in talent hub construction.

Based on the above conclusions, the following policy suggestions are proposed. First, leading talent hubs should base their strategies on their own configuration characteristics and implement a differentiated improvement approach that prioritizes both addressing weaknesses and enhancing collaboration. For example, Beijing should focus on strengthening the cultivation of technological innovation subjects, Shenzhen should moderately address the shortfall in knowledge innovation subjects, and Shanghai and Guangzhou should deepen the integration of an innovative cultural environment and a livable living environment. Second, supporting talent hubs should focus on core-periphery complementary mechanisms and pursue specialized and asymmetric construction paths. They should identify their own strengths to form the core conditions rather than blindly imitating the comprehensive and balanced model of leading hubs, while remaining vigilant against extreme weaknesses. Third, a tiered, classified, and dynamically evolving model for talent hub construction should be established, and practical guidance on path transformation and experience adaptation should be strengthened.

Keywords: world talent hub; innovation hub; talent hub; talent innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem; configuration analysis

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