顾客参与、治理机制和科技型中小企业创新绩效——基于渠道战略匹配理论的组态研究

孙建鑫　马宝龙

（北京理工大学管理与经济学院）

　　内容提要：引导顾客参与是企业突破创新资源瓶颈、提高创新效率的有效方式。科技型中小企业采取何种顾客参与方式和治理措施并使两者匹配能够有效提升创新绩效？本文基于渠道战略匹配理论，以188家科技型中小企业为研究对象，运用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法探究顾客参与和治理机制的组态效应及相互关系。研究发现：存在4条高企业创新绩效的组态路径，即关系治理下的信息提供型、多元治理下的共同开发型、激励和合同协同治理下的用户创新型、关系和合同协同治理下的复合参与型，其中关系治理下的信息提供型最为普遍；存在2条非高企业创新绩效的组态路径，即治理机制缺失型、关系缺失下的参与-治理失配型；关系治理作为核心条件出现在高企业创新绩效的3个组态中，说明关系治理对科技型中小企业创新具有重要作用；顾客参与和治理机制对科技型中小企业创新绩效的组态效应因企业规模、企业年龄和产权性质的不同而呈现明显的异质性。本文的研究结果揭示了顾客参与和治理机制在促进科技型中小企业创新绩效上的多重潜在并发关系，可以为科技型中小企业选择适当的顾客参与形式和治理机制、促进协同创新实践提供借鉴参考。

　　

　　关键词：科技型中小企业；顾客参与；治理机制；企业创新绩效；组态效应

　　

　　作者简介：孙建鑫，北京理工大学管理与经济学院博士研究生，通信作者，北京，100081；马宝龙，北京理工大学管理与经济学院教授、博士生导师。

　　基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目“NFT如何赋能实体营销?多级市场流转视角下NFT对消费者实体产品购买行为的影响研究”（72372010）；国家自然科学基金面上项目“环保压力下企业可持续环境行为实现机理和对策——基于路径依赖、聚焦感知和环保意愿”（72172147）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“服务机器人拟人化的双刃剑效应：机制、边界及干预策略”（72202146）

　　引用格式：孙建鑫,马宝龙.顾客参与、治理机制和科技型中小企业创新绩效——基于渠道战略匹配理论的组态研究[J].经济与管理研究,2023,44(9):125-144.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2023.09.007.

　　

　　

Customer Participation, Governance Mechanism, and High-tech SMEs’ Innovation Performance

—Configuration Study Based on Channel Strategy Matching Theory

SUN Jianxin, MA Baolong

(Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081)

　　

　　Abstract: Leading customer engagement is an effective way for enterprises to break through bottlenecks of innovation resources and improve innovation efficiency. However, the optimal customer engagement methods and governance measures that can collaborate to enhance innovation performance for high-tech small and medium enterprises (SMEs) still need to be further investigated. This paper employs the channel strategy matching theory to examine the linkage matching mechanism between customer participation and governance mechanisms that underlie the high innovation performance of high-tech SMEs. Using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), it aims to improve the innovation performance of high-tech SMEs by unraveling the interplay between customer participation and governance mechanisms.

　　This paper identifies six antecedents that promote the innovation performance of high-tech SMEs from two dimensions: customer participation and governance mechanisms. Subsequently, it collects questionnaire data from 188 high-tech SMEs to explore the configurational effects and relationships between customer participation and governance mechanisms using the fsQCA while considering enterprise heterogeneity based on scale, age, and ownership. The findings are as follows. (1) Four distinct configurational paths leading to high enterprise innovation performance are identified, including information provision under relational governance, co-development under multi-governance, user innovation under incentive and contract collaborative governance, and compound participation under relationship and contract collaborative governance. Among these paths, the most prevalent is information provision under relationship governance. (2) Non-high enterprise innovation performance has two configurational paths: the absence of a governance mechanism and the misalignment between participation and governance in the absence of a relationship. (3) Relational governance is a critical factor in all three configurations associated with high enterprise innovation performance, emphasizing its significant role in fostering high-tech SMEs’ innovation. (4) The configurational effect of customer participation and governance mechanisms on the innovation performance of high-tech SMEs exhibit notable heterogeneity, influenced by enterprise scale, age, and property rights.

　　This paper enriches the studies on customer participation in innovation and governance mechanisms by examining the intricate paths resulting from the combination of customer participation forms and governance mechanisms. Furthermore, it fills a gap in the existing literature by shedding light on the dynamic matching and multiple interactions between these factors. From a practical perspective, the identified configuration paths that enhance enterprise innovation performance offer valuable insights for high-tech SMEs in selecting suitable forms of customer participation and governance mechanisms. By promoting collaborative innovation practices, these findings contribute to the advancement of high-tech SMEs toward specialization, refinement, uniqueness, and innovation.

　　Keywords: high-tech SMEs; customer participation; governance mechanism; enterprise innovation performance; configuration effect