多重制度逻辑对中小企业向专精特新升级的影响研究

娄小亭　朱祖平　黄若谷　阮荣彬

（福州大学经济与管理学院）

　　内容提要：中小企业向专精特新升级是促进区域产业发展的重要动力。如何协同多元制度逻辑促进区域中小企业向专精特新发展是中小企业创新研究亟需回答的现实问题。为此，本文基于制度逻辑理论，结合fsQCA方法，从组态视角分析多重制度逻辑与中小企业向专精特新升级的关系。研究发现：（1）驱动中小企业向专精特新升级的主导逻辑呈现出政策逻辑、市场逻辑、技术逻辑与文化逻辑混合并存的多元差异化特征。（2）政策-市场-技术多元驱动型、文化支撑乏力下技术主导型这两种组态可以产生高专精特新水平，前者侧重于普惠金融、产业集聚与创新投入的协同推动作用，后者则更关注在文化逻辑核心缺失时创新投入的主导作用。导致非高专精特新水平的两种制度组态均呈现出政策、市场与技术逻辑的核心缺失，说明中小企业向专业化、精细化、特色化与新颖化发展要通过政府与市场的“互惠之手”强化中小企业与产业链上下游龙头企业的技术经济联系，同时通过企业数字化转型进行设计与工艺创新，加大数字技术对制造产业的渗透与融合。（3）中国东中西部与东北地区中小企业向专精特新的升级路径存在明显差异，建议各地立足优势产业链发展节点寻求产业政策支持或市场机会，特别是处于中西部与东北地区的中小企业，跨越资源禀赋差异寻求产业内规模较大企业的资源支持更有利于创新活动的开展。

　　

　　关键词：专精特新；中小企业；制度协同；制度逻辑；中小企业创新

　　

　　作者简介：娄小亭，福州大学经济与管理学院博士研究生，通信作者，福州，350108；朱祖平，福州大学经济与管理学院教授；黄若谷，福州大学经济与管理学院博士研究生；阮荣彬，福州大学经济与管理学院博士研究生。

　　基金项目：国家社会科学基金重点项目“基于组织设计的数字经济趋势下企业组织变革研究”（19AGL017）

　　引用格式：娄小亭,朱祖平,黄若谷,等.多重制度逻辑对中小企业向专精特新升级的影响研究[J].经济与管理研究,2023,44(8):74-88.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2023.08.005.

　　

　　

Influence of Multiple Institutional Logics on the Upgrading of SMEs Toward Specialization and Sophistication

LOU Xiaoting, ZHU Zuping, HUANG Ruogu, RUAN Rongbin

(Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108)

　　

　　Abstract: The integration of digital technology in industries and the constant advance of science and technology incentivize enterprises to pursue rapid production and agile management. Consequently, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often encounter the dilemma of prioritizing either speed and efficiency or specialization and meticulousness. Facilitating the development of regional SMEs toward specialization and sophistication through the coordination of multiple institutional logics is a practical problem in the field of innovation research for SMEs. Therefore, this paper draws on the theory of institutional logic and uses the fsQCA method to analyze the relationship between multiple institutional logics and the upgrading of China’s SMEs toward specialization and sophistication from a configurational perspective.

　　The results are as follows. (1) The dominant logic driving the upgrading of China’s SMEs toward specialization and sophistication is the co-existence of policy, market, technology and culture logics. (2) Two configurations, policy-market-technology driven and technology-led with weak cultural support, can generate high levels of specialization and sophistication. The former focuses on the synergy of inclusive finance, industrial agglomeration, and innovation investment. In contrast, the latter is more concerned with the dominant role of innovation investment in the absence of culture logic. Both configurations leading to the non-high level of specialization and sophistication show the absence of the core logic of policy, market and technology. It indicates that upgrading SMEs towards specialization, refinement, uniqueness and innovation involves strengthening the techno-economic links with leading enterprises upstream and downstream of the industrial chain through the reciprocity of government and the market. Additionally, it requires increasing the penetration and integration of digital technology into manufacturing. (3) There is heterogeneity in upgrading SMEs toward specialization and sophistication in China’s eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions.

　　These results provide theoretical references and practical inspiration for the incubation and development of SMEs toward specialization and sophistication in different regions. This paper explores how synergies and complementarities among the logics of policy, market, technology, and culture affect the upgrading of SMEs toward specialization and sophistication, providing valuable insights into the existing research. It is suggested that governments should leverage the strengths of local industries and develop a specialized plan to train SMEs toward specialization and sophistication. They should also strengthen the strategic leadership of innovation in upgrading SMEs, and clarify development priorities and directions in the local market. Managers of SMEs should introduce advanced management concepts and methods, actively participate in the division of labor in the industrial chain, and focus on industry-university-research cooperation. Such efforts will enable SMEs in the industrial chain to upgrade through collaborative innovation.

　　Keywords: specialization and sophistication; small and medium-sized enterprise; institutional synergy; institutional logic; innovation in small and medium-sized enterprise