地方政府政绩考核压力能提升企业绿色创新绩效吗？

——基于环境规制与环保补助双中介作用机制的实证检验

关鑫¹　柴晨洁²　赵聪慧²

（1. 首都经济贸易大学国际学院；2. 首都经济贸易大学工商管理学院）

　　内容提要：绿色创新是助推企业转型与可持续发展的重要方式，更是大势所趋。在诸多影响企业绿色转型的因素中，地方政府的政策和策略是不容小觑的。本文在区分政绩考核压力异质性的前提下，运用晋升锦标赛理论、行政发包制及制度理论，构建“政绩考核压力-政策法规调整-绿色创新绩效”的分析框架，并选取2007—2019年A股上市公司数据，进行实证检验。研究结果表明：单一考虑经济绩效考核时，地方政府经济绩效考核压力抑制企业绿色创新水平；单一考虑环境绩效考核时，地方政府环境绩效考核压力促进企业绿色创新水平。在对经济绩效与环境绩效进行整体考量的情况下，随着环境绩效指标占比的提高，综合政绩考核压力对绿色创新的负向影响呈现先增后减的形态。机制分析表明，经济绩效考核压力与环境绩效考核压力主要是通过环境规制和环保补贴这两条路径来影响企业绿色创新。进一步分析还发现，经济绩效考核压力对非国有企业、非重污染行业的抑制作用更显著，地区间没有显著差异；环境绩效考核压力对东部地区、国有企业及非重污染行业的促进作用更显著。本文拓展了绿色创新影响因素及其作用机理的研究，为助推企业绿色转型及完善政绩考核评价体系提供了有力的依据。

　　

　　关键词：政绩考核压力；企业绿色创新；经济绩效；环境绩效；环境规制；环保补助

　　

　　作者简介：关鑫，首都经济贸易大学国际学院副教授、博士生导师，北京，100070；柴晨洁，首都经济贸易大学工商管理学院博士研究生，通信作者；赵聪慧，首都经济贸易大学工商管理学院博士研究生。

　　

　　基金项目：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“情感交换嵌入下民营上市公司大股东与经理人的竞合博弈模型研究”（18YJA630027）；研究阐释党的十九大精神国家社会科学基金重大专项课题“新时代企业家精神培育的双螺旋驱动机制、路径与对策研究”（18VSJ084）

　　

　　引用格式：关鑫,柴晨洁,赵聪慧.地方政府政绩考核压力能提升企业绿色创新绩效吗?——基于环境规制与环保补助双中介作用机制的实证检验[J].经济与管理研究,2023,44(6):113-131.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2023.06.007.

　　

　　

Can Pressure of Local Government Performance Appraisal Improve Corporate Green Innovation Performance?

—Empirical Evidence from Dual Mediation of Environmental Regulation and Environmental Subsidies

GUAN Xin, CHAI Chenjie, ZHAO Conghui

(Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070)

　　

　　Abstract: Green innovation has the dual function of environmental protection and technological innovation, and is an important way to promote green transformation and sustainable development of enterprises. Local governments are essential in promoting local economic development and environmental protection. Scientific performance appraisal and effective incentive mechanisms are key to ensuring local governments fully play this positive role. In China’s economic transformation, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the impact of local governments’ performance appraisal methods on corporate green innovation and its mechanism.

　　Based on the promotion tournament theory, the administrative subcontract system and the institutional theory, this paper constructs an analytical framework of performance appraisal pressure—policy and regulation adjustment—green innovation performance. Then, it uses the data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2007 to 2019, matched with the data of prefecture-level cities, to empirically test the impact of performance appraisal pressure on corporate green innovation.

　　The results show that considering economic and environmental performance separately, the pressure of economic performance appraisal from local government inhibits corporate green innovation. In contrast, the pressure of environmental performance appraisal promotes corporate green innovation. The findings remain valid after a series of robustness tests. Considering both economic and environmental performance, the negative impact of dual performance appraisal pressure on green innovation initially increases and then decreases as the weight of environmental performance indicators increases. The mechanism analysis shows that environmental regulation and environmental subsidies mediate the impact of dual performance appraisal pressure on corporate green innovation. According to the region, property rights and industrial pollution, the negative impact of economic performance appraisal pressure on green innovation is more significant in non-state-owned enterprises and non-heavy polluting industries. However, there is no significant difference between regions. The positive impact of environmental performance appraisal pressure on corporate green innovation is more significant in the eastern region, state-owned enterprises and non-heavy polluting industries.

　　This paper extends the research on the influencing factors and mechanisms of green innovation. The findings provide empirical evidence for improving the government performance appraisal system and promoting the green transformation of enterprises and high-quality economic development. It is suggested that the central government should develop scientific and reasonable performance appraisal indicators and strengthen the weight of environmental indicators in performance appraisal. Meanwhile, local governments should reasonably use environmental regulations and environmental subsidies to guide and encourage enterprises to engage in green innovation.

　　Keywords: performance evaluation pressure; corporate green innovation; economic performance; environmental performance; environmental regulation; environmental subsidy