智能化转型如何赋能制造企业高质量发展？

张吉昌　龙静　王泽民

（南京大学商学院）

　　内容提要：智能化转型已成为制造企业实现高质量发展的战略选择。本文基于“认知—投入—产出”的逻辑链条构建全面反映制造企业智能化水平的指标。在此基础上，使用沪深A股制造业上市企业2007—2021年数据实证检验智能化转型对制造企业高质量发展的影响及其机理。研究结果显示，智能化转型显著提高了制造企业高质量发展水平。作用机制检验结果表明，智能化转型主要通过促进人力资本结构升级、提高吸收能力和强化服务型制造来促进制造企业高质量发展。异质性检验结果表明，智能化转型对制造企业高质量发展的影响在中小规模企业、民营企业以及高科技行业企业中更为明显。进一步分析结果表明，智能化转型的各维度对制造企业高质量发展存在非对称影响，智能化认知与智能化投入正向影响制造企业高质量发展，而智能化产出与制造企业高质量发展存在倒U型关系。研究结论有助于揭示中国制造企业智能化转型的总体概况，可以为智能化技术如何赋能实体经济、促进制造企业高质量发展提供重要启示。

　　

　　关键词：智能化转型；高质量发展；全要素生产率；人工智能；人力资本结构升级；吸收能力；服务型制造

　　

　　作者简介：张吉昌，南京大学商学院博士研究生，南京，210093；龙静，南京大学商学院教授、博士生导师；王泽民，南京大学商学院博士研究生。

　　

　　基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目“‘德不配位’与‘怀才不遇’：地位不一致情境下创业团队成员的应对行为及其匹配对创新绩效的影响”（72072086）；江苏省研究生科研创新计划“人工智能应用对企业技术创新的影响及作用机制研究”（KYCX22_0066）

　　

　　引用格式：张吉昌,龙静,王泽民.智能化转型如何赋能制造企业高质量发展?[J].经济与管理研究,2023,44(4):3-20.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2023.04.001.

　　

　　

How does Intelligent Transformation Empower High-quality Development of Manufacturing Enterprises?

ZHANG Jichang, LONG Jing, WANG Zemin

(Nankai University, Tianjin 300071)

　　

　　Abstract: As digital technology develops, intelligent transformation becomes a strategic choice for manufacturing enterprises to achieve high-quality development. Based on the logical chain of cognition-input-output, this paper constructs indicators that comprehensively reflect the intelligence of manufacturing enterprises. Then, it empirically examines the impact of intelligent transformation on the high-quality development of manufacturing enterprises and its mechanism of action, using the data of China’s A-shares listed manufacturing enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2007 to 2021.

　　The findings reveal that intelligent transformation significantly improves the high-quality development of manufacturing enterprises. The mechanism of action test shows that intelligent transformation mainly promotes the high-quality development of manufacturing enterprises by upgrading human capital structure, improving absorptive capacity and strengthening service-oriented manufacturing. The heterogeneity test results show that the impact of intelligent transformation on the high-quality development of manufacturing enterprises is more evident among small and medium-sized enterprises, private enterprises and enterprises in high-tech industries. Further analysis indicates that there is an asymmetric effect of each dimension of intelligent transformation on the high-quality development of manufacturing enterprises. Moreover, intelligent cognition and intelligent input positively affect the high-quality development of manufacturing enterprises. At the same time, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between intelligent output and the high-quality development of manufacturing enterprises.

　　The contributions of this paper are reflected in the following three aspects. First, it constructs new intelligent transformation indicators from the logical chain of cognition-input-output based on previous research, providing a feasible path to promote the development of quantitative analysis of intelligence transformation. Second, it identifies the impact of intelligent transformation of manufacturing enterprises on their high-quality development, which further extends and deepens research on the application of artificial intelligence and high-quality development. Third, it analyzes the channel mechanism and heterogeneous impact of intelligent transformation on high-quality development, which provides theoretical guidance for the high-quality development of manufacturing enterprises and the formulation of relevant policies by the government.

　　The findings provide a general overview of the intelligent transformation of China’s manufacturing enterprises and shed light on how intelligent technology can empower the real economy and promote the high-quality development of manufacturing enterprises.

　　Keywords: intelligent transformation; high-quality development; total factor productivity; artificial intelligence; human capital structure upgrade; absorptive capacity; service-oriented manufacturing