信息基础设施建设、人力资本密度与创新

纪雯雯

（中国劳动关系学院劳动教育学院）

　　内容提要：本文基于知识生产函数，利用“宽带中国”政策实施构建准自然实验，采用双重差分法分析信息基础设施建设、人力资本密度对创新的影响。研究结果表明：（1）信息基础设施作为一种新技术对创新具有外生性促进作用，并且在高收入城市、非资源型城市和东部城市正外部性相对更大；（2）人力资本密度对创新具有显著的促进作用，从而验证了集聚理论；（3）信息基础设施进一步为人才提供一种更低成本的交流新方式，人力资本通过网络交流和移动电话交流对创新的溢出效应大于面对面交流对创新的溢出效应，并且在高收入城市、非资源型城市和西部城市的创新溢出效应相对更大。在当前中国数字经济迈向全面扩展期的背景下，完善国家创新体系既要有序稳妥推进新型基础设施建设升级，也要注重网络信息平台建设和人力资本开源共享。

　　

　　关键词：信息基础设施建设；人力资本密度；创新；政策效应；溢出效应

　　

　　作者简介：纪雯雯，中国劳动关系学院劳动教育学院副教授，北京，100048。

　　

　　基金项目：国家社会科学基金一般项目“数字经济发展对就业技能结构的影响研究”（22BJY049）；北京市社会科学基金一般项目“数字经济发展中就业结构变化与职工培训”（20JJB008）；中国劳动关系学院教师科研项目一般项目“‘宽带中国’政策与职工技能结构变化：基于DID模型研究”(21XYJS003)

　　

　　引用格式：纪雯雯.信息基础设施建设、人力资本密度与创新[J].经济与管理研究,2023,44(3):109-130.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2023.03.007.

　　

　　

Information Infrastructure Construction, Human Capital Density and Innovation

JI Wenwen

(China University of Labor Relations, Beijing 100048)

　　

　　Abstract: The “Broadband China” policy, as one of the important institutional designs with Chinese characteristics for developing the digital economy, not only has an exogenous impact on innovation, but also changes the way of human capital communication. Based on the knowledge production function, this paper applies the difference-in-differences (DID) method to causally identify the impact of the information infrastructure construction and human capital density on innovation, using the “Broadband China” policy in 2013 as a quasi-natural experiment.

　　The results show that information infrastructure construction has an exogenous impact on innovation and changes the way of knowledge production. Instead of replacing face-to-face communication, the development of information networks provides a new way for human capital to communicate at a lower cost, contributing to the innovation of human capital density. First, information infrastructure construction has a significant positive externality, and the policy effect further increases as the policy time lengthens. The impact of information infrastructure construction on innovation is relatively greater in high-income, non-resource-based, and eastern cities. Second, population density still maintains a positive effect on urban innovation, and the impact increases with the improvement of human capital stock, that is, human capital density has a significant promoting effect on innovation. This conclusion verifies the applicability of agglomeration theory in China. Third, the information infrastructure provides a new platform for human capital communication, and the spillover impact of human capital on innovation through network communication and mobile communication is greater than face-to-face communication, especially in high-income, non-resource-based, and western cities. The findings pass robustness tests, including the placebo test and the effect of urban agglomeration policies, which may provide a new policy vision and framework for promoting China’s innovation and development.

　　Possible marginal contributions are in the following aspects. First, this paper discusses the role of information infrastructure construction on innovation under the classic innovation production function, with a comprehensive evaluation of its role and the spillover effect of human capital in promoting innovation. Second, it constructs a quasi-natural experiment with implementing the “Broadband China” policy, adopts the DID method to identify the direct impact of information infrastructure construction on innovation, and overcomes the endogenous problem between information infrastructure and regional innovation level due to the causal inversion. Third, it uses the interaction effect to consider the impact of increasing human capital with population agglomeration and information infrastructure construction on innovation output, to analyze the spillover effect of face-to-face communication and network communication of human capital on innovation.

　　　Keywords: information infrastructure construction; human capital density; innovation; policy effect; spillover effect