智慧城市试点政策的创新效应研究

姚璐¹　王书华²　范瑞¹

（1. 山西财经大学金融学院；2. 山西财经大学晋商学院）

　　内容提要：基于中国创新驱动发展战略以及智慧城市建设的背景，将2012年智慧城市试点政策作为一次准自然实验，本文使用2007—2018年中国171个地级市面板数据，构建双重差分模型来检验智慧城市试点政策对城市创新能力的影响。结果表明：智慧城市试点政策可以促进城市创新能力的提升；智慧城市试点政策对城市创新能力的促进作用在不同人口规模、不同经济规模以及不同特征的城市中表现出一定的异质性；智慧城市试点政策主要是通过提高政府科技支出和优化创新环境来提升城市的创新能力。

　　

　　关键词：创新；创新驱动；智慧城市；智慧城市试点政策；城市创新能力

　　作者简介：姚璐，山西财经大学金融学院博士研究生，太原，030006；王书华，山西财经大学晋商学院教授、博士生导师；范瑞，山西财经大学金融学院讲师。

　　

　　基金项目：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“二元结构下中国金融资源配置与城乡居民收入差距动态传导机制研究”（71303142）；山西省高等学校科学研究优秀成果培育项目“城乡居民家庭金融资产配置与收入差距的动态影响机制——基于状态空间系统的估计”（2019SK024）；教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“银行数字化转型影响全要素生产率的效应、机制及治理对策研究”（22YJC790024）

　　引用格式：姚璐,王书华,范瑞.智慧城市试点政策的创新效应研究[J].经济与管理研究,2023,44(2):94-111.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2023.02.006.

　　

　　

Research on the Innovation Effect of Smart City Pilot Policies

YAO Lu, WANG Shuhua, FAN Rui

(Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030006)

　　

　　Abstract: Innovation is the driving force of China’s economic development, playing an essential role in the stage of economic transformation and development. The smart city is a comprehensive innovation model based on traditional urban development, an important symbol in the innovation-driven stage of economic and social development, and an important initiative to promote regional innovation development. Based on the background of China’s innovation-driven development strategy and smart city construction, this paper takes the implementation of the smart city pilot policy in 2012 as a quasi-natural experiment. Then, it constructs a difference-in-differences model to investigate the impact of the pilot policy on urban innovation capability using the panel data of 171 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2018. In addition, it develops a mediation effect model to examine the influence channels of the smart city pilot policy on innovation capability. The results show that smart city pilot policies can effectively promote the improvement of urban innovation ability. This result is valid after a series of empirical tests, including the parallel trend test, the PSM-DID method, the exclusion of sub-provincial cities, the replacement of explanatory variables, the exclusion of other policies, the placebo test, and the instrumental variable method. Furthermore, the promotion effect of smart city pilot policies on urban innovation capability shows heterogeneity in cities with different population size, economic scale, and characteristics. Specifically, the promotion effect of smart city construction on urban innovation capacity is significant in both large- and small-scale cities, which is stronger in small-scale cities. Meanwhile, the promoting effect is also significant in cities with lower and higher levels of economic development, which is greater in cities with lower economic development levels. The promotion effect of smart city construction on urban innovation capability is significantly positive in all cities, especially in cities with higher human capital levels, financial development levels, and information levels. In addition, the smart city pilot policy mainly improves urban innovation capability by increasing the government’s science and technology expenditure and optimizing the innovation environment. The findings may have practical references for orderly promoting the construction of smart cities and further realizing the innovation-driven development strategy. Therefore, governments should expand smart city pilots in a reasonable and orderly way, guide the flow of funds to knowledge-intensive industries, and provide financial support for innovation activities. The intermediary role of government expenditure on science and technology and the innovation environment should be given full play to strengthen support for innovation activities and optimize the innovation environment in cities.

　　

　　Keywords: innovation; innovation-driven; smart city; smart city pilot policy; urban innovation capability