资源与能力视角下农业企业数字化转型研究

——基于110家农业企业数字化转型的经验分析

王志刚　胡宁宁　项猛

（中国财政科学研究院）

 

     内容提要：农业企业数字化是推动农业现代化、实现乡村振兴的重要助力。本文从资源与能力视角出发，采用定性分析方法对110 家数字化转型农业企业进行分析，探究农业企业数字化转型模式以及内部要素配置路径。研究结果显示：农业企业数字化转型是内部资源与能力联动匹配的结果，存在财务资源-均衡能力驱动型、创新资源驱动-能力辅助型两种模式；增值价值链、辅助价值链数字化转型对企业内部资源和能力的联动依赖各有侧重；研发、生产、销售、财务以及行政管理环节的数字化转型对资源和能力的联动条件要求差异较大，财务资源、创新资源以及风险能力发挥了更为普遍的驱动作用。研究结论丰富了农业企业数字化转型的前因视角，为农业企业数字化转型提供经验参考。　　

关键词：资源与能力；农业企业；数字化转型；增值价值链；定性比较分析

作者简介：王志刚，中国财政科学研究院研究员、博士生导师，北京,100142；胡宁宁，中国财政科学研究院博士研究生，通信作者；项猛，中国财政科学研究院博士研究生。

基金项目：2023年中国财政科学研究院决策招标课题“政府购买服务支持中小企业数字化转型发展政策建议”

引用格式：王志刚,胡宁宁,项猛.资源与能力视角下农业企业数字化转型研究——基于110家农业企业数字化转型的经验分析[J].经济与管理研究,2024,45(5):78-95.DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2024.05.005.

　　

　　

Digital Transformation of Agricultural Enterprises from the Perspective of Resources and Capabilities

—Evidence from 110 Agricultural Enterprises

WANG Zhigang, HU Ningning, XIANG Meng

(Chinese Academy of Fiscal Sciences, Beijing 100142)

　　

　　Abstract: Accelerating the digital transformation of agricultural enterprises is the key to achieving agricultural modernization, rural revitalization, and high-quality economic development in China. It is of great practical significance to explore the digital transformation path of agricultural enterprises and the configuration of internal elements. From the perspective of resources and capabilities, this paper selects seven indicators: financial resources, innovation resources, background resources, risk capability, digital capability, growth capability, and production capability. Then, it constructs a theoretical model and research framework for configuration analysis to explain the relationship between each element and digital transformation. Subsequently, it selects 110 agricultural enterprises carrying out digital transformation as samples, analyzes the linkage matching mechanism using the necessary condition analysis (NCA) and the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), and clarifies the digital transformation mode under different factor endowments.

The findings are as follows. First, the digital transformation of agricultural enterprises is the result of the linkage between internal resources and capabilities, and there are two transformation modes: driven by financial resources and dynamic capabilities, and assisted by innovation resources and capabilities. Second, from the perspective of the digital transformation of the enterprise value chain, financial resources and growth capability are the key drivers to promote the digital transformation of the value-added links of agricultural enterprises. Moreover, innovation resources, growth capability and production capability play a core role in promoting the transformation of the auxiliary value chain. Third, the digital transformation modes of agricultural enterprises in each link are quite different. Specifically, financial resources and innovation resources play a more general driving role, and growth capability and production capability also serve as important factors.

Based on the empirical analysis results, this paper argues that agricultural enterprises should choose the appropriate path when implementing digital transformation. For agricultural enterprises that implement the overall digital transformation, they should focus on improving resource strength and balancing development capabilities in all dimensions. However, those with fewer resources or unbalanced capability development should actively give full play to resource advantages or capability advantages and focus on the digital transformation of a particular link. In addition, the government can provide more financial support and technical guidance, and facilitate improvements in the industrial chain to accelerate the digital transformation of agricultural enterprises. This paper enriches the theoretical research on the digital transformation of agricultural enterprises and provides a reference for the ongoing digitalization efforts in this sector.

　　Keywords: resource and capability; agricultural enterprise; digital transformation; value-added value chain; qualitative comparative analysis

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