公共数据开放与突破式绿色创新

王梅玲　张文武

（南京林业大学）

摘要：数据作为一种新型生产要素，成为推动企业创新、增强竞争力的关键资源。探究公共数据开放对企业突破式绿色创新的影响，不仅有助于解释数据资源的潜在价值，也为企业实现高质量发展提供新的战略思路。本文以2010—2023年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本，将城市开放公共数据视为准自然实验，使用多期双重差分模型评估公共数据开放对企业突破式绿色创新的影响及作用机制。研究发现，公共数据开放促进了企业突破式绿色创新。机制分析表明，公共数据开放通过提升绿色知识搜索深度和增进绿色协同创新两条途径促进企业突破式绿色创新。异质性分析结果显示，公共数据开放对成长期企业、融入全球创新网络的企业以及城市气候政策稳定性较低的企业突破式绿色创新的提升作用更为明显。本文的研究结论为制定更加精准有效的数据开放政策和企业绿色创新战略提供了理论与实践支撑，有助于推动数据资源的高效利用和价值的深度挖掘。

关键词：公共数据开放；突破式绿色创新；绿色知识搜索深度；绿色协同创新；数据要素

作者简介：王梅玲，南京林业大学经济管理学院副教授，南京，210037；张文武，南京林业大学经济管理学院教授、博士生导师，通信作者。

基金项目：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“政府补贴对制造业绿色创新韧性的影响机理、效果评估与政策优化研究”（72304141）；江苏省社会科学基金一般项目“数字化赋能江苏制造业绿色创新韧性的机制与路径研究”（23EYB002）

引用格式：王梅玲,张文武.公共数据开放与突破式绿色创新[J].经济与管理研究,2026,47(6):36-48.

Public Data Openness and Breakthrough Green Innovation

WANG Meiling, ZHANG Wenwu

(Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037)

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the ongoing advancement of dual carbon goals and the deepening of green and low-carbon transformation, breakthrough green innovation has become a critical pathway for enhancing China’s green competitive advantage. Given the high knowledge complexity, substantial research and development uncertainty, and elevated coordination costs inherent in green innovation, firms often struggle to achieve key technological breakthroughs with internal resources alone. Public data openness offers a potential solution to this challenge. As a key practice in digital government development and the value realization of data elements, the opening of urban public data platforms can provide firms with insights into green technology opportunities and support the exploration of novel innovation trajectories. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of public data openness on firms’ breakthrough green innovation, reveal the potential value of data resources, and offer new strategic insights for firms pursuing high-quality development.

This paper utilizes data from A-share listed companies in China from 2010 to 2023 and treats the opening of urban public data platforms as a quasi-natural experiment. A multi-period difference-in-differences model is employed to systematically examine the impact of public data openness on firms’ breakthrough green innovation and the underlying mechanisms. The findings reveal that public data openness can promote firms’ breakthrough green innovation. Mechanism tests indicate that this promoting effect operates through two main channels: increasing the depth of green knowledge search and fostering green collaborative innovation. Heterogeneity tests show that the positive effect is particularly pronounced for firms in the growth stage, firms embedded in global innovation networks, and firms located in cities with higher climate policy stability.

The marginal contributions are as follows. First, by integrating forward and backward citations of firms’ green patents, this paper constructs a measurement method for breakthrough green innovation based on the CD index, providing a quantitative tool to capture the extent to which firms’ green technologies break from existing knowledge bases and technological trajectories. This approach offers a robust measure for micro-level research on breakthrough green innovation. Second, this paper systematically elucidates how public data openness empowers breakthrough green innovation by enhancing the depth of green knowledge search and promoting green collaborative innovation, providing empirical evidence of its positive effect. It also expands the boundaries of research on the economic consequences of public data openness and offers both theoretical insights and practical guidance for firms seeking to leverage public data to achieve high-quality green development.

Keywords: public data openness; breakthrough green innovation; depth of green knowledge search; green collaborative innovation; data element

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